Cylinder block
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The cylinder block is an integrated structur comprising the cylinder(s) o a reciprocating ingine an eften some or aw o thair associated surroondin structures (cuilant passages, intake an exhaust passages an ports, an crankcase). The term ingine block is eften uised synonymously wi "cylinder block" (awtho technically distinctions can be made atween en bloc cylinders as a discrete unit versus ingine block designs wi yet mair integration that comprise the crankcase as well).
In the basic terms o machine elements, the various main pairts o an ingine (sic as cylinder(s), cylinder heids, cuilant passages, intake an exhaust passages, an crankcase) are conceptually distinct, an thir items can aw be made as discrete pieces that are bolted thegither. Sic construction wis very widespread in the early decades o the commercialization o internal combustion ingines (1880s tae 1920s), an it is still whiles uised in certaint applications whaur it remains advantageous (especially very lairge ingines, but an aw some smaw ingines). Houiver, it is no langer the normal wey o building maist petrol ingines an diesel ingines, acause for ony gien ingine configuration, thare are mair efficient ways o designing for manufacture (an an aw for maintenance an repair). Thir generally involve integrating multiple machine elements intae ane discrete pairt, an daein the makin (sic as castin, stamping, an machining) for multiple elements in ane setup wi ane machine coordinate seestem (o a machine tuil or ither piece o manufacturing machinery). This yields lawer unit cost o production (an/or maintenance an repair).
The day maist ingines for cars, trucks, buses, tractors, an sae on are biggit wi fairly heichly integrated design, sae the words "monobloc" an "en bloc" are seldom uised in describing them; sic construction is eften implicit. Sicweys "ingine block", "cylinder block", or simply "block" are the terms likely tae be heard in the garage or on the street.