See soorce fer Immanuel Kant

{{Infobox philosopher
|region = Wastren philosofie
|era = [[18t-century filosofie]]
|image = Immanuel Kant portrait c1790.jpg
|name = Immanuel Kant
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1724|4|22|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Königsberg]], [[Kinrick o Proushie]]<br /><small>(nou [[Kaliningrad]], [[Roushie]])</small>
|death_date  = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1804|02|12|1724|04|22}}}}
|death_place = [[Königsberg]], Kinrick o Proushie
|residence   = Kinrick o Proushie
|nationality = [[Germans|German]]
|school_tradition = [[Kantianism]]<br />[[Age o Enlichtenment|Enlichtenment filosofie]]
|main_interests = {{nowrap|[[Epistemology]]{{·}}[[Metapheesics]]<br />[[Ethics]]}}
|notable_ideas = {{nowrap|[[Categorical imperative]]<br />[[Transcendental idealism]]<br />[[Analytic-synthetic distinction|Synthetic ''a priori'']]<br />[[Noumenon]]{{·}}''[[Sapere aude]]''<br />[[Nebular hypothesis]]}}
|influences = [[Christian Wolff (filosopher)|Wolff]], [[Alexander Baumgarten|Baumgarten]], [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Sextus Empiricus|Empiricus]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[René Descartes|Descartes]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], [[Emanuel Swedenborg]]
|influenced = Virtually aw subsequent [[Wastren filosofie|Wastren filosofers]], includin: [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]], [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi|Jacobi]], [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel|F. Schlegel]], [[August Wilhelm Schlegel|A. Schlegel]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]], [[Ernst Cassirer|Cassirer]], [[Jürgen Habermas|Habermas]], [[John Rawls|Rawls]], [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky]], [[Jean Piaget|Piaget]], [[Søren Kierkegaard|Kierkegaard]], [[David Hilbert|Hilbert]], [[Michel Foucault|Foucault]], [[Max Weber|Weber]], [[P. F. Strawson|Strawson]], [[Leo Strauss|Strauss]], [[John McDowell|McDowell]], [[Georg Simmel|Simmel]], [[Paul Guyer|Guyer]], [[T. K. Seung|Seung]]
|signature = Immanuel Kant signature.svg
}}
'''Immanuel Kant''' ({{IPA-de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}; 22 Aprile 1724 – 12 Februar 1804) wis a German filosopher that  is widely conseedert tae be a central feegur o [[modren filosofie]]. In his doctrine o [[transcendental idealism]], he argied that [[space]], [[time]], an [[Causality|causation]] are mere [[Sensibility|sensibilities]]; "[[Thing-in-itsel|things-in-themsels]]" exist, but thair naitur is unkenable.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Durant|first1=Will|last2=Durant|first2=Ariel|title=The Story of Civilization: Rousseau and Revolution|date=1967|publisher=MJF Books|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Rousseau_and_Revolution.html?id=Cq2ffQUf1GIC|isbn=978-1-56731-021-4|pages=571, 574}}</ref><ref name=Warburton>{{cite book|title=A little history of philosophy|author=Nigel Warburton|publisher=Yale University Press|chapter-url={{Google books|SGL4QPwDTVsC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|page=134|chapter=Chapter 19: Rose-tinted reality: Immanuel Kant|isbn=978-0-300-15208-1|year=2011}}</ref> In his view, the mind shapes an structures experience, wi aw human experience sharin certain structural featurs. He drew a parallel tae the [[Copernican Revolution#Immanuel Kant|Copernican revolution]] in his proposition that warldly objects can be intuitit ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'' ('aforehaund'), an that [[intueetion]] is tharefore independent frae [[Objectivity (filosofie)|objective reality]].<ref>"We here propose to do just what [[Copernicus]] did in attempting to explain the celestial movements. When he found that he could make no progress by assuming that all the heavenly bodies revolved round the spectator, he reversed the process, and tried the experiment of assuming that the spectator revolved.... We may make the same experiment with regard to the intuition of objects. If the intuition must conform to the nature of the objects, I do not see how we can know anything of them ''a priori''. If, on the other hand, the object conforms to the nature of our faculty of intuition, I can then easily conceive the possibility of such an ''a priori'' knowledge." Kant, Immanuel. Translatit tae Inglis bi [[John Meiklejohn|J.M.D. Meiklejohn]], ''Critique of Pure Reason''.</ref> Kant believed that [[raison]] is the soorce o [[morality]], an that [[aesthetics]] arise frae a faculty o disinterestit juidgment. Kant's views conteena tae hae a major influence on contemporary filosofie, especially the fields o [[epistemology]], [[ethics]], [[poleetical theory]], an [[Aesthetics#Post-modren aesthetics an psychoanalysis|post-modren aesthetics]].

In ane o Kant's major warks, the ''[[Critique o Pure Raison]]'' (1781),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kant|first1=Immanuel|last2=Kitcher|first2=Patricia (intro.)|last3=Pluhar|first3=W. (trans.)|title=Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Hackett|year=1996|location=Indianapolis |page=xxviii |isbn= |nopp=true}}</ref> he attemptit tae explain the relationship atween raison an human experience an tae muive ayont the failyies o tradeetional filosofie an [[metapheesics]]. Kant wantit tae pit an end tae an era o futile an speculative theories o human experience, while resistin the [[Filosofical skepticism|skepticism]] o thinkers sic as [[David Hume]]. Kant regairdit himsel as shawin the way past the impasse atween [[raitionalists]] an [[empiricists]] that filosofie haed led tae,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Vanzo|first1=Alberto|title=Kant on Empiricism and Rationalism|journal=History of Philosophy Quarterly|volume=30|issue=1|pages=53–74|url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/59913|date=January 2013}}</ref> an is widely held tae hae synthesized baith tradeetions in his thocht.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Immanuel Kant|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|accessdate=6 October 2015|date=20 May 2010}}</ref>

Kant wis an exponent o the idea that [[perpetual peace]] coud be siccart throu universal [[democracy]] an [[internaitional cooperation]]. He believed that this wad be the eventual ootcome o [[universal history]], awtho it is nae raitionally planned.<ref>[[Idea for a Universal History wi a Cosmopolitan Purpose]].</ref> The naitur o Kant's releegious ideas conteenas tae be the subject o filosofical dispute, wi viewpynts rangin frae the impression that he wis an ineetial advocate o [[atheism]] that at some pynt developed an [[ontological argument]] for God, tae mair creetical treatments epitomised bi [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], that claimed that Kant haed "theologian bluid"<ref>Friedrich Nietzsche, [[The Antichrist (beuk)|''The Anti-Christ'']] (1895), [https://books.google.com/books?id=DcVl57jzP2gC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=%22theologian+blood%22+the+antichrist#v=onepage&q=%22theologian%20blood%22%20the%20antichrist para. 10].</ref> an wis merely a sophisticatit [[apologist]] for tradeetional [[Christianity|Christian]] faith.{{efn|Nietzsche wrote that "Kant wanted to prove, in a way that would dumbfound the common man, that the common man was right: that was the secret joke of this soul."<ref>Friedrich Nietzsche (trans. [[Walter Arnold Kaufmann]]), ''The Portable Nietzsche'', 1976, p. 96.</ref>}}

Kant published ither important warks on ethics, releegion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, an history. Thir include the ''[[Universal Naitural History an Theory o the Heavens|Universal Natural History]]'' (1755), the ''[[Critique o Practical Raison]]'' (1788), the ''[[Metapheesics o Morals]]'' (1797), an the ''[[Critique o Juidgment]]'' (1790), that leuks at aesthetics an [[teleology]].

==Notes==
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==References==
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