See soorce fer Feudalism

'''Feudalism''' wis a combination o legal an militar customs in [[medieval Europe]] that flourished atween the 9t an 15t centuries. Braidly defined, it wis a wey o structurin society aroond relationships derived frae the hauldin o laund in exchynge for service or labour. Awtho derived frae the Latin wird ''feodum'' or ''feudum'' (fief),<ref>''feodum'' – see [https://books.google.com/books?id=KfgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 ''The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law''], bi Walter A. Shumaker, George Foster Longsdorf, pg. 365, 1901.</ref> then in uise, the term ''feudalism'' an the seestem it descrives war nae conceived o as a formal [[poleetical seestem]] bi the fowk leevin in the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite book | last = Noble | first = Thomas | title = The foundations of Western civilization | url = https://archive.org/details/foundationsofwes04nobl | publisher = Teaching Co | location = Chantilly, VA | year = 2002 |chapter-format=36| isbn = 978-1565856370 }}</ref> In its clessic defineetion, bi [[François-Louis Ganshof]] (1944),<ref name=ganshof>[[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''.  Translatit intae Inglis bi [[Philip Grierson]] as ''Feudalism'', wi a forewird bi [[F. M. Stenton]], 1st ed.: New York an Lunnon, 1952; 2nt ed: 1961; 3rd ed: 1976.</ref> ''feudalism'' descrives a set o reciprocal legal an militar obligations amang the warrior nobility revolvin aroond the three key concepts o [[laird]]s, [[vassal]]s an [[fief]]s.<ref name=ganshof/>

A braider definddtion o feudalism, as descrived bi [[Marc Bloch]] (1939), includes nae anerly the obligations o the warrior nobility but an aw thae o aw three [[estates o the realm]]: the nobility, the [[clergy]], an the [[peisant]]ry boond bi [[manorialism]]; this is sometimes referred tae as a "feudal society". Syne the publication o [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]]'s "The Tyranny of a Construct" (1974) an [[Susan Reynolds]]'s ''Fiefs and Vassals'' (1994), thare has been ongaein inconclusive discussion amang medieval historians as tae whither feudalism is a uisefu construct for unnerstaundin medieval society.<ref name=ebo>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034150/feudalism "Feudalism"], bi [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''.</ref><ref name=ebrown>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.2307/1869563
| volume = 79
| issue = 4
| pages = 1063–88
| last = Brown
| first = Elizabeth A. R.
| title = The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe
| journal = The American Historical Review
| date = October 1974
| url = http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/1869563
| jstor = 1869563
}}</ref><ref name=reynolds>Reynolds, Susan, ''Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 {{ISBN|0-19-820648-8}}</ref><ref name=halsall>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism "Feudalism?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018025458/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |date=2014-10-18 }}, by [[Paul Halsall]]. [[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]].</ref><ref name="auto">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html "The Problem of Feudalism: An Historiographical Essay"], bi Robert Harbison, 1996, [[Western Kentucky University]].</ref><ref>Charles West, ''[[Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation Between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100]]'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Medieval economics]]
[[Category:Early Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Feudalism| ]]
[[Category:Heich Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Post-medieval constructs aboot the Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Social seestems]]
[[Category:Middle Ages]]