See soorce fer Acre

{{About|unit o area measur}}
{{Comparison_area_units.svg}}
The '''acre''' is a [[Units o measurement|unit]] o [[area]] uised in the [[Imperial units|imperial]] an [[Unitit States customar units#Units o area|U.S. customar]] seestems.  It is equivalent tae 43,560 square feet.  An acre is aboot 40% o a [[hectare]] – slichtly smawer than an [[American fitbaa#Field|American fitbaa field]].

The acre is commonly uised in the [[Unitit States]], [[Antigua an Barbuda]]<ref>[http://www.antiguaobserver.com/govt-gifts-bakka-with-half-acre-land/ ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213313/http://www.antiguaobserver.com/govt-gifts-bakka-with-half-acre-land/ |date=2013-10-04 }}</ref> [[American Samoa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/4505 |title=National Park of American Samoa completes two successful forest projects |publisher=Samoa News |date=2012-04-15 |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref>  the Bahamas,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41147&Itemid=2 |title=The Nassau Guardian |publisher=The Nassau Guardian |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2017-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715004920/http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41147&Itemid=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Belize]],<ref>{{cite web|author=<!-- #title --> |url=http://amandala.com.bz/news/2225-acre-cobia-farm-proposed-near-lark-and-bugle-cayes/ |title=2,225-acre Cobia farm proposed near Lark and Bugle Cayes &#124; Amandala Newspaper |publisher=Amandala.com.bz |date=2008-01-07 |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref> the [[British Virgin Islands]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bvibeacon.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3051%3Awork-continues-on-development-&Itemid=1&showall=1 |title=Work continues on development |publisher=Bvibeacon.com |date=2013-01-30 |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref> the [[Cayman Islands]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.compasscayman.com/caycompass/2013/08/21/Kai-drama-over-50-acre-development/ |title=Kai drama over 50-acre development :: Cayman Compass |publisher=Compasscayman.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2014-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301003404/http://www.compasscayman.com/caycompass/2013/08/21/Kai-drama-over-50-acre-development/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dominica]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/agriculture/dominica-not-meeting-quota-in-banana-industry/ |title=Dominica not meeting quota for international bananae markets |publisher=Dominica News Online |date=2010-07-07 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213258/http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/agriculture/dominica-not-meeting-quota-in-banana-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Falkland Islands]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penguin-news.com/index.php/columns/28-farm-yarns-with-elaine/462-farm-yarns-with-elaine-turner-part-13 |title=Farm Yarns with Elaine - Farm yarns with Elaine Turner - Part 13 |publisher=Penguin-news.com |date=2012-11-26 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924070635/http://www.penguin-news.com/index.php/columns/28-farm-yarns-with-elaine/462-farm-yarns-with-elaine-turner-part-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Grenada]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/news/diaspora/14367-the-grenada-spices-industry |title=George Grant - The Grenada Spices Industry |publisher=Grenada Broadcast |date=2012-09-25 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215245/http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/news/diaspora/14367-the-grenada-spices-industry |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Guam]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guampdn.com/article/20130824/NEWS01/308240022/Manamko-could-see-new-homes |title=Local News &#124; Pacific Daily News |publisher=guampdn.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131001040155/http://www.guampdn.com/article/20130824/NEWS01/308240022/Manamko-could-see-new-homes |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Northren Mariana Islands]],<ref>[http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=15&newsID=126803 ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017024119/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=15&newsID=126803 |date=2013-10-17 }}</ref>  [[Indie]], [[Jamaica]],<ref>http://supremecourt.gov.jm/sites/default/files/judgments/Tropicrop%20Mushrooms%20Ltd%20v%20Saint%20Thomas%20Parish%20Council%2C%20etal.pdf</ref> [[Montserrat]],<ref>{{cite web |author=moosejaw mountaineering lansing mi says: |url=http://www.themontserratreporter.com/beresford-allen-of-st-peters-montserrat-is-a-wanted-man/ |title=Beresford Allen of St. Peters Montserrat is a Wanted Man! |publisher=The Montserrat Reporter |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221042/http://www.themontserratreporter.com/beresford-allen-of-st-peters-montserrat-is-a-wanted-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Burma|Myanmar]], [[Pakistan]], [[Samoa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/local-news/politics/3110-conflicting-stories-about-nuu-estate |title=Conflicting stories about Nu’u estate |publisher=Samoaobserver.ws |date=2013-01-27 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919111736/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/local-news/politics/3110-conflicting-stories-about-nuu-estate |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saunt Lucia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thevoiceslu.com/features/2008/july/12_07_08/The_Redevelopment_of_the_Union_Agricultural_Station.htm |title=The Voice - The national newspaper of St. Lucia since 1885 |publisher=Thevoiceslu.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215536/http://www.thevoiceslu.com/features/2008/july/12_07_08/The_Redevelopment_of_the_Union_Agricultural_Station.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saunt Helena]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sthelenaonline.org/2012/09/02/feature-we-built-an-island-dream-on-our-own-st-helena/ |title=FEATURE: We built an island dream on our own St Helena &#124; St Helena Online |publisher=Sthelenaonline.org |date=2012-09-02 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021090201/http://sthelenaonline.org/2012/09/02/feature-we-built-an-island-dream-on-our-own-st-helena/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Sauntt Kitts an Nevis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2013/06/14/passport-money.html |title=SIDF Sinks SKN Passport Money into Christophe Harbour |publisher=The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer |date=2013-06-14 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212924/http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2013/06/14/passport-money.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Saturday, 21 June 2014 06:14:18 (AST) |url=http://www.iwnsvg.com/2013/03/15/pmvows-to-spend-rest-of-life-seeking-reparations/ |title=PM vows to spend rest of life seeking reparations – I-Witness News |publisher=Iwnsvg.com |date=2013-03-15 |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref> [[Turks and Caicos]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://suntci.com/government-gets-million-from-emerald-cay-sale-p402-106.htm |title=Government gets $8million from Emerald Cay sale |publisher=Suntci.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref> an the [[Unitit States Virgin Islands]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/proposed-dolphin-facility-will-enclose-about-2-acres-of-water-bay-1.1415178 |title=Proposed dolphin facility will enclose about 2 acres of Water Bay - News - Virgin Islands Daily News |publisher=M.virginislandsdailynews.com |date=2012-12-11 |accessdate=2014-06-21 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022220250/http://m.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/proposed-dolphin-facility-will-enclose-about-2-acres-of-water-bay-1.1415178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is commonly uised in the Unitit Kinrick, Canadae an Australie, awtho the metric seestem is uised in legislation.

The internaitional seembol o the acre is '''ac''', an is defined as 1/640 o a square mile. The maist commonly uised acre the day is the internaitional acre. In the Unitit States baith the internaitional acre an the slichtly different US survey acre are in uise.  The maist common uise o the acre is tae measur tracts o land.  Ane internaitional acre is defined as exactly 4046.8564224 [[square metre]]s.

Durin the Middle Ages, a acre wis the amoont o land that coud be [[pleuch]]ed in ane day wi a [[yoke]] o [[ox]]en an measured bi ane chain in width (22 yards), an ane furlang, or 10 chains in lenth (220 yards), yieldin 4840 square yards.

==Description==
Ane acre equals 0.0015625 [[square mile]]s, 4,840 [[square yard]]s, 43,560 [[Square fuit|square feet]]<ref>National Institute of Standards and Technology [http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf (n.d.) General Tables of Units of Measurement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124224233/http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/h4402_appenc.pdf |date=2011-11-24 }}</ref> or aboot {{convert|4047|m2|ha|abbr=off|lk=on|sigfig=3}} (see belaw). While aw modren variants o the acre conteen 4,840 square [[yard]]s, thare are alternative definitions o a yard, sae the exact size o an acre depends on which yard it is based on. Oreeginally, an acre wis unnerstuid as a [[selion]] o land sizit at fowerty [[Rod (unit)|perches]] (660&nbsp;ft) lang an fower perches (66&nbsp;ft) wide;<ref>Klein, Herbert Arthur. The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey. Dover Publications, 1988. Print. p. 76</ref> this mey hae been unnerstuid as an approximation o the amoont o laund a yoke o oxen coud pleuch in ane day an aw.  A [[Square (geometry)|square]] enclosin ane acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or {{convert|208|ft|9|in|m|abbr=off}} on a side.  As a unit o measur, an acre haes nae prescribit shape; ony area o 43,560&nbsp;square feet is a acre.

The acre is aften uised tae express areas o laund in the Unitit States an in kintras whaur the Imperial Seestem is still in uise. {{As of|2010}}, the acre is no uised offeecially in the Unitit Kinrick but is still aften seen on estate agents' buirds. In the [[metric seestem]], the [[hectare]] is commonly uised for the same purpose. A acre is aboot 40% o a hectare.

==Differences atween internaitional an U.S. survey acres==
In the [[internaitional yard an poond]] greement o 1959 the [[Unitit States]] an five kintras o the [[Commonweel o Naitions]] defined the lenth o the internaitional [[yard]] tae be exactly 0.9144 [[metre]]s.<ref>National Bureau of Standards. (1959). [http://geodesy.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf Refinement of Values for the Yard and the Pound].</ref> Consequently, the internaitional acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 [[square metre]]s.

Baith the internaitional acre an the U.S. survey acre contain 1/640 o a square mile or 4,840 square yards, but thare are alternative definitions o a yard (see [[Fuit (unit)#Survey fuit|survey fuit]] an [[Yard#Conversions|survey yard]]), sae the exact size o a acre depends on which yard it is based on. The U.S. survey acre is aboot 4,046.872 609 874 252 [[square metre]]s; its exact value ({{sfrac|4046|13,525,426|15,499,969}} m<sup>2</sup>) is based on a inch defined bi 1 metre = 39.37&nbsp;inches exactly, as established bi the [[Mendenhall Order]]. Surveyors in the Unitit States uise baith internaitional an survey feet, an consequently, baith varieties o acre.<ref>[[National Geodetic Survey]], (January 1991), "[http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/INFO/Policy/st_plane.html Policy of the National Geodetic Survey Concerning Units of Measure for the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983].</ref>

Syne the difference atween the U.S. survey acre an internaitional acre is anerly aboot a quairter o the size o a A4 sheet o paper (0.016 square metres, 160 square centimetres or 24.8 square inches), it is uisually no important which ane is bein discussed. Areas are seldom measured wi sufficient accuracy for the different definitions tae be detectable.<ref>''[http://www.acsm.net/_data/global/images/PDF%20Documents/ACSM/20110223ALTAACSMLandTitleSurveyStandard2011.pdf Minimum Standard Detail Requirements For ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904215328/http://www.acsm.net/_data/global/images/PDF%20Documents/ACSM/20110223ALTAACSMLandTitleSurveyStandard2011.pdf |date=2013-09-04 }}''. Federick, MD: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. 2011. [The standard uses "precision" in a sense more typically used for "accuracy"; the stated maximum allowable "precision" (page 3) is 2 cm and 50 parts per million. An instrument consistently measuring 2 cm short would measure the area of a one international acre square, 63.614907 m on a side, as 4044.3 square metres, 2.6 square metres less than the true value, a far greater discrepancy than the difference between the international and survey acres.]</ref>

==Sooth Asie==

In [[Indie]], especially in Sooth Indie, residential plots are measured in [[Cent (unit)|cent]]s or [[Decimal (unit)|decimel]], which is ane hundrert o a acre, or {{convert|435.60|ft2|m2}}.  In Sri Lanka the diveesion o a acre intae 160 [[Perch (unit)|perches]] or 4 [[Rood (measurement)|roods]] is common.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:OzRR92db1Y8J:http://courtofappeal.lk/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_phocadownload%26view%3Dcategory%26download%3D206:ca-dc-marawila-3798-wasugathawardhana-and-jk-claribel-harriet-perera-vs-mary-chandrika-perera%26id%3D13:may%26Itemid%3D116%2Bacre+rood+perch+sri+lanka&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial&client=firefox-a&hl=en&ct=clnk |title=Sri Lanka |publisher=Webcache.googleusercontent.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref>

==Equivalence tae ither units o area==
1 internaitional acre is equal tae the follaein metric units:
* 4,046.8564224 [[square metre]]s
* 0.40468564224 [[hectare]] (A square wi 100 m sides haes a area 1 hectare.)

1 United States survey acre is equal tae:
* 4,046.87261 [[square metre]]s
* 0.404687261 [[hectare]]

1&nbsp;acre (baith variants) is equal tae the follaein customar units:
* 66 feet × 660 feet (43,560 [[square fuit|square feet]])
* 10 square [[Chain (length)|chains]] (1 chain = 66 feet = 22 yards = 4 rods = 100 [[link (unit)|links]])
* 1&nbsp;acre is approximately 208.71 feet × 208.71 feet (a square)
* 4,840 [[square yard]]s
* 43,560 [[Square foot|square feet]]
* 160 [[Perch (unit)|perches]]. A perch is equal tae a square [[Rod (lenth)|rod]] (1 square rod is 0.00625&nbsp;acre)
* 4 [[Rood (measurement)|roods]]
* A furlang bi a chain (furlang 220 yards, chain 22 yards)
* 40 rods bi 4 rods, 160 rods<sup>2</sup> (historically fencin wis aften sauld in 40 rod lenths
*  {{frac|1|640}} (0.0015625) [[square mile]] (1 square mile is equal tae 640&nbsp;acres)

Aiblins the easiest wey for U.S residents tae envisage an acre is as a rectangle measurin 88 yards bi 55 yards ({{frac|1|10}} o 880 yards bi {{frac|1|16}} o 880 yards), aboot {{frac|9|10}} the size o a staundart [[American fitbaa field]]. [[File:Acre superimposed over football fields.svg|frame|The area o ane acre (red) superponit on a [[American fitbaa]] field (green) a [[association fitbaa]] (soccer) pitch (blue).]] Tae be mair exact, ane acre is 90.75 percent o a {{convert|100|yd|m|2|abbr=off|lk=in}} lang bi {{convert|53.33|yd|m|abbr=off|lk=in}} wide American fitbaa field (athoot the [[end zone]]s). The full field, includin the end zones, covers approximately {{convert|1.32|acres|2|abbr=on}}.

For residents o ither kintras, the acre micht be envisagit as approximately 56.68 percent o a {{convert|105|m|ft|2|abbr=off|lk=in}} lang bi {{convert|68|m|ft|2|abbr=off|lk=in}} wide [[association fitbaa pitch]].

It mey be remembered as 44,000 square feet, less 1% an aw.

== Historical oreegin ==
{{Anthropic_Farm_Units}}
The wird ''acre'' is derivit frae [[Auld Inglis]] ''æcer'' oreeginally meanin "open field", [[cognate]] tae wast coast Norse ''ækre'' an [[Swadish leid|Swadish]] ''åker'', [[German leid|German]] ''Acker'', [[Dutch leid|Dutch]] ''akker'', [[Latin]] ''ager'', an [[Greek leid|Greek]] ''αγρός'' (''agros''). In Inglis it wis historically spelt ''[[wikt:aker|aker]]''.

The acre wis approximately the amoont o laund tillable bu a yoke o oxen in ane [[day]].<ref>[http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/1769 "acre, n.2". OED Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. (accessed November 15, 2012).]</ref> This explains ane definition as the area o a rectangle wi sides o lenth ane [[chain (lenth)|chain]] an ane [[furlong]]. A lang narrae strip o laund is mair efficient tae pleuch than a square plot, syne the pleuch daes no hae tae be turned sae aften. The wird "furlang" itsel derives frae the fact that it is ''ane [[Pleuch|furrow]] lang''.

Afore the enactment o the [[metric seestem]], mony kintras in Europe uised thair awn offeecial acres. Thir wur differently sized in different kintras, for instance, the historical French acre wis 4,221 square metres, whareas in [[Germany]] as mony variants o "acre" existit as thare wur German states.

Statutory values for the acre wur enactit in Ingland, an, subsequently, the Unitit Kinrick, bi acts o:
* [[Edward I o Ingland|Edward I]],
* [[Edward III o Ingland|Edward III]],
* [[Henry VIII]],
* [[George IV o the Unitit Kinrick|George IV]] an
* [[Queen Victoria]] – the Breetish [[Weights an Measures Act]] o 1878 defined it as conteenin 4,840 square yards.

Historically, the size o ferms an laundit estates in the Unitit Kinrick wis uisually expressed in acres (or acres, [[Rood (measurement)|rood]]s, an [[Perch (unit)|perches]]), even if the nummer o acres wis sae lairge that it micht conveniently hae been expressed in square miles. For example, a certain laundawner micht hae been said tae awn 32,000 acres o laund, no 50 square miles o laund.

The acre is relatit tae the [[square mile]], wi 640 acres makkin up ane square mile.  Ane mile is 5280 feet (1760 yards).  In wastren Canadae an the wastren Unitit States, diveesions o laund area wur teepically based on the square mile, an fractions thereof.  If the square mile is dividit intae quairters, each quairter haes a side lenth o {{frac|1|2}}mile (880 yards) an is {{frac|1|4}} square mile in area, or 160 acres.  Thir subunits wad teepically then again be dividit intae quairters, wi each side bein {{frac|1|4}} mile lang, an bein {{frac|1|16}} o a square mile in area, or 40 acres.  In the Unitit States, fermland wis teepically dividit as sic, an the phrase "the back 40" wad refer tae the 40 acre parcel tae the back o the ferm.  Most o the [[Canadian Prairie Provinces]] an the US midwast are on square mile grids for surveyin purposes.

==Ither acres==
*'''Customar acre''' – The customar acre wis a measur o roughly seemilar size tae the acre describit abuin, but it wis subject tae considerable local variation seemilar tae the variation foond in [[carucate]]s, [[virgate]]s, [[Oxgang|bovates]], neuks, an farundels. Houiver, thare war mair auncient measures that war an aa farthingales. Thir mey hae been multiples o the customary acre, rather than the statute acre.
*''' Builder's acre''' – In U.S. construction an real estate development, a area o 40,000 square feet. Uised tae simplifee math an for mercatin, it is nearly 10% smawer than a survey acre.
*'''[[Acre (Scots)|Scots acre]]''', ane o a nummer o [[obsolete Scots units o measurement]]
* '''[[Acre (Erse)|Erse acre]]''' = 7,840 square yards
* '''[[Acre (Cheshire)|Cheshire acre]]''' =  10,240 square yards<ref>Holland, Robert. (1886). [http://www.archive.org/details/glossaryofwordsu16holluoft ''A glossary of words used in the County of Chester.''] London: Trübner for the English Dialect Society. p. 3.</ref>
* '''[[Auncient Roman units o measurement|Roman acre]]''' = 1,260 square metres
* [[God's Acre]] – a synonym for a churchyard.<ref>[http://lochindaal.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~mb/cgi-bin/styles.cgi/queryDict.html?define=God's%20acre The Collaborative International Dictionary of English.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207111023/http://lochindaal.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~mb/cgi-bin/styles.cgi/queryDict.html?define=God%27s%20acre |date=2009-02-07 }}</ref>
* The Byzantine [[zeugarion]] wis based on the area o fermland which coud be pleuched bi a pair (zeugos) o oxen an aw; this wis adoptit as the Ottoman "[[çift]]" (meanin "pair" an aw).<ref name=Malcolm>{{cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|title=Kosovo: A Short History|url=https://archive.org/details/kosovoshorthisto0000malc|year=1999|publisher=Harper Perennial|isbn=978-0-06-097775-7}}</ref>

==See an aw==
* [[Anthropic units]]
* [[Conversion o units]]
* [[Acre-fuit]]
* [[Spainyie customar units]]
* [[Quarter acre]]
* French [[arpent]] – uised in Louisiana as lenth an area unit o measur
* a [[Morgen]] ("fore-nuin") o land is uisually set at {{frac|2|3}} o a Tagwerk ("day work") o pleuchin wi a ox
* [[Section (Unitit States land surveyin)]]
* [[Public Land Survey System]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Acre (land measure)}}
* [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1804//contents/made The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 (United Kingdom)]
* [[Cockeyed.com]] [http://cockeyed.com/inside/acre/acre.html presents "How much is inside an acre?"]

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[[Category:Customar units o measurement in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Imperial units]]
[[Category:Real estate]]
[[Category:Units o area]]
[[Category:Surveyin]]