Euphrates
| Euphrates | |
| Arabic: الفرات: al-Furāt[1], Turkis: Fırat[1], Kurdish: Firat, Ebreu: פרת Prat | |
| River | |
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| Name origin: frae Greek, frae Auld Persie Ufrātu, frae Elamite ú-ip-ra-tu-iš | |
| Kintras | Iraq, Sirie, Turkey |
|---|---|
| Basin aurie | Turkey, Sirie, Iraq, Saudi Arabie, Kuwait |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Balikh, Khabur |
| - right | Sajur |
| Cities | Birecik, Ar-Raqqah, Deir ez-Zor, Mayadin, Haditha, Ramadi, Habbaniyah, Fallujah, Kufa, Samawah, Nasiriyah |
| Landmarks | Lake Assad, Lake Qadisiyah, Lake Habbaniyah |
| Source | |
| - location | Murat Su, Turkey |
| - elevation | 3,520 m (11,549 ft) |
| Secondary source | |
| - location | Kara Su, Turkey |
| - elevation | 3,290 m (10,794 ft) |
| Source confluence | |
| - location | Keban, Turkey |
| - elevation | 610 m (2,001 ft) |
| Mouth | Shatt al-Arab |
| - location | Al-Qurnah, Basra Governorate, Iraq |
| - coordinates | 31°0′18″N 47°26′31″E / 31.005°N 47.44194°E |
| Length | 2,800 km (1,740 mi) approx. |
| Basin | 500,000 km2 (193,051 sq mi) approx. |
| Discharge | for Hīt |
| - average | 356 m3/s (12,572 cu ft/s) |
| - max | 2,514 m3/s (88,781 cu ft/s) |
| - min | 58 m3/s (2,048 cu ft/s) |
 Cairt o the combined Tigris–Euphrates drainage basin (in yellae)
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| Wikimedia Commons: Euphrates | |
The Euphrates (
i/juːˈfreɪtiːz/; Arabic: الفرات: al-Furāt, Ebreu: פרת: Prat, Turkis: Fırat, Kurdish: Firat) is the langest an ane o the maist historically important rivers o Wastren Asie. Thegither wi the Tigris, it is ane o the twa definin rivers o Mesopotamie. Oreeginatin in eastren Turkey, the Euphrates flows through Sirie an Iraq tae join the Tigris in the Shatt al-Arab, which empties intae the Persie Gulf.
Table o contents |
Etymology [edit]
The earliest references tae the Euphrates come frae cuneiform texts foond in Shuruppak an pre-Sargonic Nippur in soothren Iraq an date tae the mid-third millennium BCE. In these texts, written in Sumerie, the Euphrates appears as Buranuna (logographic: UD.KIB.NUN). The name coud an aw be written KIB.NUN.(NA) or dKIB.NUN, wi the prefix "d" indicatin that the river wis deified. In Sumerie, the name o the ceety o Sippar in modren-day Iraq wis an aw a written UD.KIB.NUN, indicatin a historically strang relationship atween the ceety an the river. In Akkadian, the Euphrates wis cried Purattu.[2] The modren spellin o the Euphrates derives frae the Auld Persie Ufrātu via Middle Persie Frat intae Turkis Fırat.[1] The Persie Ufrātu (meanin the guid) is an aw the source o the Greek spellin Εὐφράτης (Euphrates).[3]
See an aw [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hartmann 2010
- ↑ Woods 2005
- ↑ Negev & Gibson 2001, p. 169
Freemit airtins [edit]
- Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library
