Augustinus
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Augustine of Hippo (Template:IPA-en;[1] Laitin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis;)[2] (November 13, 354 – August 28, 430), Bishop of Hippo Regius, also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, or St. Austin[3] was a Latin speaking philosopher and theologian living in the Roman Africa Province. Augustine was canonized by popular acclaim, and later recognized as a Doctor of the Church in 1298 by Pope Boniface VIIITemplate:Citation needed. His feast day is August 28, the day on which he died. He is considered the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, sore eyes, and a number of cities and dioceses.Template:Citation needed He is not to be confused with St. Augustine of Canterbury(d.604)
Augustine, a Latin church father, is one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity. He "established anew the ancient faith" (conditor antiquae rursum fidei), according to his contemporary, Jerome.[4] In his early years he was heavily influenced by Manichaeism and afterwards by the Neo-Platonism of Plotinus,[5] but after his conversion and baptism (387), he developed his own approach to philosophy and theology accommodating a variety of methods and different perspectives.[6] He believed that the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom and framed the concepts of original sin and just war. When the Roman Empire in the West was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Church as a spiritual City of God (in a book of the same name) distinct from the material Earthly City.[7] His thought profoundly influenced the medieval worldview. Augustine's City of God was closely identified with the church, and was the community which worshipped God.[8]
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion, he is a saint and pre-eminent Doctor of the Church, and the patron of the Augustinian religious order; his memorial is celebrated 28 August. Many Protestants, especially Calvinists, consider him to be one of the theological fathers of Reformation teaching on salvation and divine grace. In the Eastern Orthodox Church he is blessed, and his feast day is celebrated on 15 June.[9] Among the Orthodox he is called Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed.[10]
[edit] References
- ↑ Wells, J. (2000). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 2, New York: Longman.
- ↑ The nomen Aurelius is virtually meaningless, signifying little more than Roman citizenship (see: Template:Cite journal).
- ↑ (1997) The American Heritage College Dictionary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- ↑ Jerome wrote to Augustine in 418: You are known throughout the world; Catholics honour and esteem you as the one who has established anew the ancient faith. Cf. Epistola 195; TeSelle, Eugene (1970). Augustine the Theologian, 343. March 2002 edition: ISBN 1-57910-918-7 .
- ↑ (2005) “Platonism”, Cross, Frank L. and Livingstone, Elizabeth: The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ E. TeSelle gives a list of disciplines and methods that are now practiced in isolation, which Augustine utilized concurrently: natural philosophy, critical philosophy, phenomenology of finite spirit, rational theology, doctrinal theology or a theology of the history of salvation, speculative theology or Glaubenslehre, anagogical or mystical theology, ethics, ecclesiology, theology of culture, politics, logic, rethoric, cf. TeSelle, Eugene (1970). Augustine the Theologian, 347–349. March 2002 edition: ISBN 1-57910-918-7.
- ↑ Durant, Will (1992). Caesar and Christ: a History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325. New York: MJF Books.
- ↑ Wilken, Robert L. (2003). The Spirit of Early Christian Thought. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ "Blessed" here does not mean that he is less than a saint, but is a title bestowed upon him as a sign of respect. Template:Cite journal
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