Ytterbium

Ytterbium,  ₇₀Yb

General properties
Name, seembol	ytterbium, Yb
Appearance	sillery white
Pronunciation	/ᵻˈtɜːrbiəm/ i-TUR-bee-əm
Ytterbium in the periodic cairt
- ↑ Yb ↓ No thulium ← ytterbium → lutetium
Atomic nummer (Z)	70
Group, block	group n/a, f-block
Period	period 6
Element category	lanthanide
Staundart atomic wicht (Ar)	173.054(5)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase	solid
Meltin pynt	1097 K ​(824 °C, ​1515 °F)
Bylin pynt	1469 K ​(1196 °C, ​2185 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.90 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.21 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	159 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 736 813 910 1047 (1266) (1465)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: ? 1.1
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	187±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structur	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	1590 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (β, poly) 26.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	38.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (β, poly) 0.250 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	(β form) 23.9 GPa
Shear modulus	(β form) 9.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	(β form) 30.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	(β form) 0.207
Vickers haurdness	206 MPa
Brinell haurdness	343 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-64-4
History
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878)
First isolation	Georges Urbain (1907)
Maist stable isotopes o ytterbium
iso NA hauf-life DM DE (MeV) DP 166Yb syn 56.7 h ε 0.304 166Tm 168Yb 0.13% >1.3×1014 y (α) 1.9508 164Er (β+β+) 1.4221 168Er 169Yb syn 32.026 d ε 0.909 169Tm 170Yb 3.04% - (α) 1.7376 166Er 171Yb 14.28% - (α) 1.5589 167Er 172Yb 21.83% - (α) 1.3103 168Er 173Yb 16.13% - (α) 0.9459 169Er 174Yb 31.83% - (α) 0.7401 170Er 175Yb syn 4.185 d β− 0.470 175Lu 176Yb 12.76% >1.6×1017 y (α) 0.570 172Er (β−β−) 1.083 176Hf 177Yb syn 1.911 h β− 1.399 177Lu
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed

Ytterbium is a chemical element wi seembol Yb an atomic nummer 70. It is the fowerteent an penultimate element in the lanthanide series, or last element in the f-block, which is the basis o the relative stability o the +2 oxidation state. However, lik the ither lanthanides, the maist common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides an ither compounds. In aqueous solution, lik compoonds o ither late lanthanides, soluble ytterbium compoonds furm complexes wi nine watter molecules. Acause o its closed-shell electron configuration, its density an meltin an boilin points differ frae those o the ither lanthanides.