Vanadium

Vanadium, ₂₃V

Vanadium
Pronunciation	/vəˈneɪdiəm/ ​(və-NAY-dee-əm)
Appearance	blue-siller-grey metal
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(V)	7001509415000000000♠50.9415(1)
Mass number	V:
Vanadium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ V ↓ Nb titanium ← vanadium → chromium
Atomic nummer (Z)	23
Group	group 5
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Element category	Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 11, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	2183 K ​(1910 °C, ​3470 °F)
Bylin pynt	3680 K ​(3407 °C, ​6165 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.0 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.5 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	21.5 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	459 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.89 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.63
Ionisation energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	153±8 pm
Spectral lines o vanadium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	V: Primordial
Creestal structur	​body-centred cubic (bcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	4560 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	30.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	197 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	128 GPa
Shear modulus	47 GPa
Bulk modulus	160 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs haurdness	6.7
CAS Nummer	7440-62-2
History
Diskivery	Andrés Manuel del Río (1801)
First isolation	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Named by	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Main isotopes o vanadium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 48V syn 15.9735 d β+ 48Ti 49V syn 330 d ε 49Ti 50V 0.25% 1.5×1017y ε 50Ti β− 50Cr 51V 99.75% stable

Vanadium is a chemical element wi the seembol V an atomic nummer 23. It is a haird, sillery gray, ductile an malleable transeetion metal. The element is foond anly in chemically combined furm in naitur, but ance isolatit airtifeecially, the formation o an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhit against further oxidation.