Vanadium

Vanadium,  ₂₃V

General properties
Name, seembol	vanadium, V
Appearance	blue-siller-grey metal
Pronunciation	/vəˈneɪdiəm/ və-NAY-dee-əm
Vanadium in the periodic cairt
- ↑ V ↓ Nb titanium ← vanadium → chromium
Atomic nummer (Z)	23
Group, block	group 5, d-block
Period	period 4
Element category	transeetion metal
Staundart atomic wicht (±) (Ar)	50.9415(1)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 11, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase	solid
Meltin pynt	2183 K ​(1910 °C, ​3470 °F)
Bylin pynt	3680 K ​(3407 °C, ​6165 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.0 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	5.5 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	21.5 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	459 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.89 J/(mol·K)
vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1 ​amphoteric oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.63
Ionisation energies	(mair)
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	153±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structur	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	4560 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	30.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	197 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	128 GPa
Shear modulus	47 GPa
Bulk modulus	160 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs haurdness	6.7
CAS Nummer	7440-62-2
History
Discovery	Andrés Manuel del Río (1801)
First isolation	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Named bi	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Maist stable isotopes o vanadium
iso NA hauf-life DM DE (MeV) DP 48V syn 15.9735 d β+ 4.0123 48Ti 49V syn 330 d ε 0.6019 49Ti 50V 0.25% 1.5×1017y ε 2.2083 50Ti β− 1.0369 50Cr 51V 99.75% 51V is stable wi 28 neutrons

Vanadium is a chemical element wi the seembol V an atomic nummer 23. It is a haird, sillery gray, ductile an malleable transeetion metal. The element is foond anly in chemically combined furm in naitur, but ance isolatit airtifeecially, the formation o an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhit against further oxidation.