Thirty Years' War
(Reguidit frae Thirty Years War)
The Thirty Years' War wis a series o wars in Central Europe atween 1618 an 1648. It wis ane o the langest an maist destructive conflicts in European history.[16] It wis the deadliest European releegious war, resultin in aicht million casualties.
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ At war wi Spain 1625–30 (an Fraunce 1627–29): 6000 Inglismen an aa focht unner Charles Morgan in the Dens campaigns. Thir war lairgely drawn frae the Inglis brigade o fower regiments which war based in the Dutch Republic
- ↑ Scotland declared war an focht against Spain 1625–1630 an Fraunce 1627–1629, maistly conductin the war at sea. In addeetion tae providin 2000 troops for the campaign against Fraunce in 1627, Scots privateers harried French shippin an captured an occupied Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, an Quebec. The Scots Privy Cooncil an aa provided warrants for 13,700 truips for Dens service wha focht unner Scots banner wi a Dannerbrog in the tap left corner. Thir war led ineetially bi the Catholic Robert Maxwell, Earl o Nithsdale an mair famously bi Donald Mackay Laird Reay. In 1630, 8000 mair Britons, maistly Scots led bi James 3rd Marquis Hamilton launditin Germany unner Breetish banner. Thay war expleecitly cawed the "Breetish airmy" an haed been raised on warrants issued bi the Inglis an Scots Privy cooncils for allied service alangside Swaden. Thay jyned an estimatit 12,000 Scots already in Swadish service commandit bi General Sir James Spens, Alexander Leslie, Patrick Ruthven, an John Hepburn. The latter man led a Scots brigade in Fraunce frae 1634–1636, efter which it fell unner the control o the Douglas faimily. Throuoot the entire period o the war, the Scots mainteened a brigade o three regiments in Dutch service. The 1625–1638 period represents the period o greatest engagement, tho Scots war active as allies in the anti-Habsburg alliance throuoot the whole coorse o the war
- ↑ "intae line wi airmy o Gabriel Bethlen in 1620." Ágnes Várkonyi: Age of the Reforms, Magyar Könyvklub publisher, 1999. ISBN 963-547-070-3
- ↑ Roushie supportit Swaden against Poland-Lithuanie (Smolensk War)
- ↑ Ervin Liptai: Military history of Hungary, Zrínyi Military Publisher, 1985. ISBN 9633263379
- ↑ Denmark focht Swaden an the Dutch Republic in the Torstenson War
- ↑ "The Consequences and Effects of the Thirty Years War". Archived frae the original on 5 Juin 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
- ↑ "The later divisions that occurred made Europe more like it is now with the Catholic areas in the south and the Lutherans farther north and more importantly, it took the central power from the Catholic Church."
- ↑ Helmolt, Hans Ferdinand (1903). The World's History: Western Europe to 1800. W. Heinemann. p. 573. ISBN 0-217-96566-0.
- ↑ Swadish Intervention
- ↑ Dens Militar Intervention
- ↑ page 54 http://www.pikeandshotsociety.org/documents/article4.pdf Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine "When the dutch army was increased to 77.000 in 1629 during the threatened Spanish invasion..."
- ↑ Gabriel Bethlen's airmy nummered 5,000 Hungarian pikemen an 1,000 German mercenary, wi the anti-Habsburg Hungarian rebels nummered thegither approx. 35,000 men. László Markó: The Great Honors of the Hungarian State (A Magyar Állam Főméltóságai), Magyar Könyvklub 2000. ISBN 963-547-085-1
- ↑ László Markó: The Great Honors of the Hungarian State (A Magyar Állam Főméltóságai), Magyar Könyvklub 2000. ISBN 963-547-085-1
- ↑ Davis, Norman (1996). Europe, a history. Oxford University Press. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-7126-6633-6.
- ↑ Peter H. Wilson, Europe's Tragedy: A New History of the Thirty Years War (London: Penguin, 2010), 787
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