Template:Infobox gallium

Gallium, ₃₁Ga

Gallium
Pronunciation	/ˈɡæliəm/ ​(GAL-ee-əm)
Appearance	silver-white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ga)	7001697230000000000♠69.723(1)
Gallium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium Al ↑ Ga ↓ In zinc ← gallium → germanium
Atomic nummer (Z)	31
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 4
Block	p-block
Element category	Post-transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 3
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	302.9146 K ​(29.7646 °C, ​85.5763 °F)
Bylin pynt	2477 K ​(2204 °C, ​3999 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	5.91 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.095 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	254 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.81
Ionisation energies	(more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o gallium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​orthorhombic
Speed o soond thin rod	2740 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	270 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs haurdness	1.5
Brinell haurdness	60 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-55-3
History
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Diskivery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Main isotopes o gallium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 69Ga 60.11% stable 71Ga 39.89% stable

style="text-align:left"| data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	29.7646	—	—
K	302.9146	302.9146	0
F	85.5763	85.5763	0
WD	!
input	C: 29.7646, K: 302.9146, F: 85.5763
comment

style="text-align:left"| data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2204	—	—
K	2477	2477	0
F	3999	3999	0
WD	!
input	C: 2204, K: 2477, F: 3999
comment

References

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