Template:Infobox carbon

Carbon, ₆C
	Graphite (left) an diamont (richt), twa allotropes o caurbon
Carbon
Appearance	clear (diamond) & black (graphite)
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(C)	[12.0096, 12.0116] conventional: 12.011
Carbon in the periodic cairt
	boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic nummer (Z)	6
Group	group 14 (caurbon group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Element category	Reactive nonmetal
Electron confeeguration	[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2, 4
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Sublimation pynt	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 ; diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 ; graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Treeple pynt	4600 K, 10800 kPa
Heat o fusion	117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	6.155 (diamond); 8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionisation energies	(more);
Covalent radius	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
	Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o carbon
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	diamond cubic ; (diamond, clear)
Speed o soond thin rod	18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	0.8 (diamond) µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	900-2300 (diamond); 119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	1050 (diamond) GPa
Shear modulus	478 (diamond) GPa
Bulk modulus	442 (diamond) GPa
Poisson ratio	0.1 (diamond)
Mohs haurdness	10 (diamond); 1-2 (graphite)
CAS Nummer	7440-44-0
History
Diskivery	Egyptians an Sumerians (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element bi	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Main isotopes o carbon
	view; talk; edit; \| references

Check temperaturs C: na inpit for C, K, F.

References

↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.
1 2 3 4 5 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
↑ Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[CRC-1] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[triple2-2] Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.

[triple3-3] Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.

[4] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.

[5] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 6 December 2007.

[6] "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 6 December 2007.

[ioffe-7] 1 2 3 4 5 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database

[8] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[9] "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 12 September 2008.

[10] Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)

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