Talian dialect
Talian | |
---|---|
Taliàn | |
Native tae | Brazil (co-offeecial leid in Serafina Corrêa an Flores da Cunha) |
Native speakers | possibly 1 million (2006)[1] |
Laitin | |
Leid codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Talian (or Brazilian Venetian)[2] is a dialect o the Venetian leid, spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast o the state o Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is spoken in ither pairts of Rio Grande do Sul an aw, as well as in pairts o Espirito Santo[3][4][5][6][7] an o Santa Catarina.
Despite the similar names, Talian is no derivit frae staundart Italian (actually cried grammatical Italian in Brazil), but is mainly a mix o Venetian dialects influencit bi ither dialects o Northren Italy as well as local Portuguese.
History[eedit | eedit soorce]
Italian settlers first began arrivin intae these regions in a wave o immigration lastin frae approximately 1875 tae 1914.[8][9] These settlers wur mainly frae Veneto, a region in Northren Italy, whaur Venetian wis spoken, but frae Trentino an Friuli-Venezia Giulia an aw.[8][9] In the sooth o Brazil these immigrants settled as smawhauders in the region o Encosta da Serra. Thare they creatit three dounsets: Conde D'Eu (nou, Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul), Dona Isabel (nou Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul), an Campo dos Bugres (nou Caxias do Sul).[10] As mair fowk arrivit, the Italian dounset expanded ayont these localities.[10] Approximately 100,000 immigrants frae Northren Italy arrivit atween 1875 an 1910. As time went bi, a uniquely soothren Brazilian dialect emergit. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.
Talian wis vera hintle influencit no anerly bi ither Italian leids but bi Portuguese, the naitional leid o Brazil. Housomeivver, acause its grammar an lexicon remain predominantly Venetian, Talian is no considered a creole leid, the preponderance o nan-Venetian loanwirds nowistaundin. It haes been estimatit that thare hae been 130 beuks published in Talian, includin wirks o baith poetry an prose.[11]
Like Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (hunsriqueano riograndense), the main German dialect spoken bi soothren Brazilians o German oreegin, Talian haes suffered great deprecation syne the 1940s. At that time, then-Preses Getúlio Vargas stairtit a campaign o naitionalisation (similar tae the Nacionalismo o neebourin Argentinae) tae tree tae force nan-Portuguese speakers o Brazil tae "better integrate" intae the naitional mainstream cultur. Speakin Talian or German in public, especially in eddication an press, wis forbidden.
Current status[eedit | eedit soorce]
Talian is mainly spoken in the soothren Brazilian states o Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina an Paraná, as well as in Espirito Santo.[3][4][5][6][7] Nouadays, thare are approximately 3 million fowk o Italian ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, aboot 30% o the local population,[10] an approximately 1.7 million fowk in Espirito Santo, which accoonts for 65% o the local population.[12] Accordin tae some estimates, thare are up tae ane million speakers o Talian the day; Ethnologue reportit 4,000,000 speakers in the year 2006.[1] Durin the "Novo Brasil" period o the govrenment o Getúlio Vargas, the uise o Talian wis declared illegal.[13] As a result o the traumas o Vargas' policies, thare is, even tae this day, a stigma attached tae speakin these leids. However, in 2009, the state of Rio Grande do Sul appruivit a law declarin the Talian leid tae be an integral pairt o the historical heritage o the state.[10] In 2009, the ceety o Serafina Corrêa, in the State o Rio Grande do Sul, electit Talian as co-offeecial leid, alangside Portuguese.[14][15]
Feenally, in 2014 Talian wis declared tae be pairt o cultural heritage o Brazil (Língua e referência cultural brasileira). Accordin tae the figur gien in this occasion, thare wad be aboot 500,000 active speakers in 133 touns.[16]
Newspapers in the Talian-speakin region featur airticles written in the leid. Thare are approximately 500 radio programs broadcast in Talian.[11]
See an aw[eedit | eedit soorce]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ a b Venetian at Ethnologue (16t ed., 2009)
- ↑ "Lingua portoghese e cultura brasiliana". Archived frae the original on 8 Juin 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b "Talian Brasil - Intervista con casal Benjamim Falqueto - Venda Nova del Imigrante - ES". Archived frae the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b "I dessendenti taliani che parla el talian Venda Nova do Imigrante – Espírito Santo – Brasil". Archived frae the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b "Chico Zandonadi, Radialista del talian – Ràdio FMZ, Venda Nova do Imigrante – ES". Archived frae the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b "Dialeto falado por imigrantes italianos é reconhecido como patrimônio nacional".[deid airtin]
- ↑ a b "Brasil Talian documentado em filme". Archived frae the original on 16 Julie 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b "Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud - Brasile". Sitoveneto. Archived frae the original on 23 Julie 2013. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2012.
- ↑ a b "ESPIRITO SANTO, LO STATO PIU' VENETO DEL BRASILE". Archived frae the original on 16 Mairch 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ a b c d Losekann, Silvana (13 Juin 2009). "Sancionada lei que declara o Talian dialeto integrante do patrimônio do RS". Defender - Defesa Civil do Patrimônio Histórico. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2012.
- ↑ a b Alves, Ozias (2013). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01576-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=sRPrAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&dq=veneto+talian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RfCgUoCDNIeuqQHb1YCgBw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=veneto%20talian&f=false. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ "Estatísticas ítalo-brasileiras". Archived frae the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ↑ Bolson, Bibiana (20 November 2014). "Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimônio brasileiro" (in Portuguese). globo.com. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ↑ "Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município" (in Portuguese). Archived frae the original on 30 Mairch 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ↑ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Archived frae the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ↑ Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimônio brasileiro.
Freemit airtins[eedit | eedit soorce]
- YouTube video interview aboot Talian wi Talian speaker frae the toun o Monte Belo do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- YouTube video interview wi a couple o Talian speakers frae the toun o Venda Nova do Imigrante, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- YouTube video radio station broadcast in Talian in the toun o Serafina Correa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Freemit airtins[eedit | eedit soorce]
- La Rena Brasil
- Portuguese essay, written by Bernardette Soldatelli Oliboni Archived 2003-10-19 at the Wayback Machine A estigmatização como fator determinante dos bloqueios de fala de descendentes de italianos no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul ("Stigmatization as a determining impeding factor to the language of descendants of Italians in the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul")
- Main Dialects of Rio Grande do Sul Archived 2018-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
- Il "talian"
- Musibrasil Archived 2006-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Talian, heritage of Rio Grande do Sul Archived 2013-07-23 at the Wayback Machine