Talian dialect

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Talian
Taliàn
Native taeBrazil (co-offeecial leid in Serafina Corrêa an Flores da Cunha)
Native speakers
possibly 1 million (2006)[1]
Laitin
Leid codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Talian (or Brazilian Venetian)[2] is a dialect o the Venetian leid, spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast o the state o Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is spoken in ither pairts of Rio Grande do Sul an aw, as well as in pairts o Espirito Santo[3][4][5][6][7] an o Santa Catarina.

Despite the similar names, Talian is no derivit frae staundart Italian (actually cried grammatical Italian in Brazil), but is mainly a mix o Venetian dialects influencit bi ither dialects o Northren Italy as well as local Portuguese.

History[eedit | eedit soorce]

Italian settlers first began arrivin intae these regions in a wave o immigration lastin frae approximately 1875 tae 1914.[8][9] These settlers wur mainly frae Veneto, a region in Northren Italy, whaur Venetian wis spoken, but frae Trentino an Friuli-Venezia Giulia an aw.[8][9] In the sooth o Brazil these immigrants settled as smawhauders in the region o Encosta da Serra. Thare they creatit three dounsets: Conde D'Eu (nou, Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul), Dona Isabel (nou Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul), an Campo dos Bugres (nou Caxias do Sul).[10] As mair fowk arrivit, the Italian dounset expanded ayont these localities.[10] Approximately 100,000 immigrants frae Northren Italy arrivit atween 1875 an 1910. As time went bi, a uniquely soothren Brazilian dialect emergit. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.

Talian wis vera hintle influencit no anerly bi ither Italian leids but bi Portuguese, the naitional leid o Brazil. Housomeivver, acause its grammar an lexicon remain predominantly Venetian, Talian is no considered a creole leid, the preponderance o nan-Venetian loanwirds nowistaundin. It haes been estimatit that thare hae been 130 beuks published in Talian, includin wirks o baith poetry an prose.[11]

Like Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (hunsriqueano riograndense), the main German dialect spoken bi soothren Brazilians o German oreegin, Talian haes suffered great deprecation syne the 1940s. At that time, then-Preses Getúlio Vargas stairtit a campaign o naitionalisation (similar tae the Nacionalismo o neebourin Argentinae) tae tree tae force nan-Portuguese speakers o Brazil tae "better integrate" intae the naitional mainstream cultur. Speakin Talian or German in public, especially in eddication an press, wis forbidden.

Current status[eedit | eedit soorce]

Talian is mainly spoken in the soothren Brazilian states o Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina an Paraná, as well as in Espirito Santo.[3][4][5][6][7] Nouadays, thare are approximately 3 million fowk o Italian ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, aboot 30% o the local population,[10] an approximately 1.7 million fowk in Espirito Santo, which accoonts for 65% o the local population.[12] Accordin tae some estimates, thare are up tae ane million speakers o Talian the day; Ethnologue reportit 4,000,000 speakers in the year 2006.[1] Durin the "Novo Brasil" period o the govrenment o Getúlio Vargas, the uise o Talian wis declared illegal.[13] As a result o the traumas o Vargas' policies, thare is, even tae this day, a stigma attached tae speakin these leids. However, in 2009, the state of Rio Grande do Sul appruivit a law declarin the Talian leid tae be an integral pairt o the historical heritage o the state.[10] In 2009, the ceety o Serafina Corrêa, in the State o Rio Grande do Sul, electit Talian as co-offeecial leid, alangside Portuguese.[14][15]

Feenally, in 2014 Talian wis declared tae be pairt o cultural heritage o Brazil (Língua e referência cultural brasileira). Accordin tae the figur gien in this occasion, thare wad be aboot 500,000 active speakers in 133 touns.[16]

Newspapers in the Talian-speakin region featur airticles written in the leid. Thare are approximately 500 radio programs broadcast in Talian.[11]

See an aw[eedit | eedit soorce]

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ a b Venetian at Ethnologue (16t ed., 2009)
  2. ↑ "Lingua portoghese e cultura brasiliana".
  3. ↑ a b "Talian Brasil - Intervista con casal Benjamim Falqueto - Venda Nova del Imigrante - ES".
  4. ↑ a b "I dessendenti taliani che parla el talian Venda Nova do Imigrante – Espírito Santo – Brasil".
  5. ↑ a b "Chico Zandonadi, Radialista del talian – Ràdio FMZ, Venda Nova do Imigrante – ES".
  6. ↑ a b "Dialeto falado por imigrantes italianos é reconhecido como patrimônio nacional".
  7. ↑ a b "Brasil Talian documentado em filme".
  8. ↑ a b "Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud - Brasile". Sitoveneto. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2012.
  9. ↑ a b "ESPIRITO SANTO, LO STATO PIU' VENETO DEL BRASILE".
  10. ↑ a b c d Losekann, Silvana (13 Juin 2009). "Sancionada lei que declara o Talian dialeto integrante do patrimônio do RS". Defender - Defesa Civil do Patrimônio Histórico. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2012.
  11. ↑ a b Alves, Ozias (2013). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01576-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=sRPrAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&dq=veneto+talian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RfCgUoCDNIeuqQHb1YCgBw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=veneto%20talian&f=false. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "Estatísticas ítalo-brasileiras".
  13. ↑ Bolson, Bibiana (20 November 2014). "Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimônio brasileiro" (in Portuguese). globo.com. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  15. ↑ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  16. ↑ Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimônio brasileiro.

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