Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine
Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine ("Superintendent of the Queen's Household"), or anly Surintendante, wis the senior lady-in-waiting at the ryal coort o Fraunce frae 1619 until the French Revolution. The Surintendante wis selected frae the members of the heichest French nobility.
History[eedit | eedit soorce]
The office wis creautit in 1619.[1] The Surintendante an the Governess o the Childer o Fraunce war the anly female office holders in Fraunce tae gie an oath o loyalty tae the Keeng himsel.[2]
The surintendante haed aboot the same tasks as the dame d'honneur: receiving the oath of the female personnel afore thay teuk office and supervising them an the queen's daily routine, as well as organising the accounts and staff leet, but she wis placed in rank abuin the dame d'honneur.[1] Whenever the surintendante wis absent, she wis replaced bi the dame d'honneur.[1] The post of surintendante coud be left vacant for lang periods, an wis abolished atween the daith o Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Clermont in 1741 an the appointment o Princess Marie Louise o Savoy in 1775.
During the Seicont Empire, the Grande-Maitresse wis the equivalent o the Surintendante, bein formally the heichest female offeecial at coort but in practice wi the same tasks as the dame d'honneur.[3]
List of Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine tae the queen o Fraunce[eedit | eedit soorce]
Surintendante tae Anne o Austrick 1619-1666[eedit | eedit soorce]
- 1619-1637: Marie de Rohan, Duchess o Luynes then Duchess o Chevreuse
- 1657-1666: Anne Marie Martinozzi, Princess o Conti
Surintendante to Maria Theresa o Austrick 1660-1683[eedit | eedit soorce]
- 1660-1661: Anna Gonzaga, Coontess Palatine o Simmern
- 1661-1679: Olympia Mancini, Coontess o Soissons
- 1679-1683: Françoise de Rochechouart, Marquise o Montespan
Surintendante tae Marie Leszczyńska 1725-1768[eedit | eedit soorce]
- 1725-1741: Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Clermont
- 1741-1768: Abolished
Surintendante tae Marie Antoinette 1775-1792[eedit | eedit soorce]
See also[eedit | eedit soorce]
- Mistress of the Robes, Breetish equivalent
- Camarera mayor de Palacio, Spaingie equivalent
- Chief Court Mistress, Dutch, German, Scandinavian and Roushie equivalent
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ a b c Nadine Akkerman & Birgit Houben, eds. The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-waiting across Early Modern Europe. Leiden: Brill, 2013
- ↑ Jeroen Frans Jozef Duindam: Vienna and Versailles: The Courts of Europe's Dynastic Rivals, 1550-1780.
- ↑ Seward, Desmond: Eugénie. An empress and her empire. ISBN 0-7509-2979-0 (2004)