Properties o watter
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
water, oxidane
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| Ither names
Hydrogen oxide, Dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO), Hydrogen monoxide, Dihydrogen oxide, Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH), Hydric acid, Hydrohydroxic acid, Hydroxic acid, Hydrol,[1] μ-Oxido dihydrogen
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS nummer | ZC0110000 | ||
| UNII | |||
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| Properties | |||
| H 2O | |||
| Molar mass | 18.01528(33) g/mol | ||
| Appearance | White solit or awmaist colorless, transparent, wi a slicht hint o blue, crystalline solit or liquid[2] | ||
| Odour | None | ||
| Density | Liquid: 999.9720 kg/m3 ≈ 1 tonne/m3 = 1 kg/l = 1 g/cm3 ≈ 62.4 lb/ft3 (maximum, at ~4 °C) Solid: 917 kg/m3 = 0.917 tonne/m3 = 0.917 kg/l = 0.917 g/cm3 ≈ 57.2 lb/ft3 | ||
| Meltin pynt | 0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) [lower-alpha 1] | ||
| Bylin pynt | 100.02 °C; 212.04 °F; 373.17 K [3][lower-alpha 1] | ||
| Solubility | Poorly soluble in haloalkanes, aliphatic an aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers.[4] Improved solubility in carboxylates, alcohols, ketones, amines. Miscible wi methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, glycerol. | ||
| Vapour pressur | At 25 °C, 3.1690 kilopascals or 0.031276 atm[5] | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.995 (at 25 °C)[6][lower-alpha 2] | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | 13.995 (at 25°C) | ||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.6065 W/m·K[8] | ||
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.3325 | ||
| Viscosity | 0.890 cP (25 °C)[9] | ||
| Structur | |||
| Hexagonal | |||
| Pynt group | C2v | ||
| Molecular shape | Bent | ||
| 1.85 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Speceefic heat capacity, C | 75.375 ± 0.05 J/mol·K[10] | ||
| Staundart molar entropy S |
69.95 ± 0.03 J/mol·K[10] | ||
| Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
-285.83 ± 0.040 kJ/mol[4][10] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)
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-237.24 kJ/mol[4] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | Drownin Watter intoxication Avalanche (as snaw) (see an aa Dihydrogen monoxide hoax) | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash pynt | Non-flammable | ||
| Relatit compoonds | |||
Ither cations
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Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen selenide Hydrogen telluride Hydrogen polonide Hydrogen peroxide | ||
Relatit solvents
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Acetone Methanol | ||
Relatit compoonds
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Watter vapor Ice Hivy watter | ||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Watter (H
2O) is a polar inorganic compoond that is at ruim temperatur a tasteless an odourless liquid, nearly colourless wi a hint o blue. It is an important solvent an is kent as the "universal solvent" for its ability tae dissolve mony substances.[11]
Notes[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), uised for calibration, melts at 273.1500089(10) K (0.000089(10) °C, an byles at 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C). Ither isotopic composeetions melt or byle at slichtly different temperatures.
- ↑ A commonly quotit value o 15.7 uised mainly in organic chemistry for the pKa o watter is incorrect.[7]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ "Definition of Hydrol". Merriam-Webster. (Subscription required (help)).
- ↑ Braun, Charles L.; Smirnov, Sergei N. (1993-08-01). "Why is water blue?". Journal of Chemical Education. 70 (8): 612. Bibcode:1993JChEd..70..612B. doi:10.1021/ed070p612. ISSN 0021-9584.
- ↑ Water in Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov (retrieved 2016-5-27)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "Properties of substance: water".
- ↑ Lide, David R. (2003-06-19). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Handbook (in Inglis). CRC Press. Vapor Pressure of Water From 0 to 370° C in Sec. 6. ISBN 9780849304842.
- ↑ Lide, David R. (2003-06-19). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Handbook (in Inglis). CRC Press. Chapter 8: Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases. ISBN 9780849304842.
- ↑ "What is the pKa of Water". University of California, Davis.
- ↑ Ramires, Maria L. V.; Castro, Carlos A. Nieto de; Nagasaka, Yuchi; Nagashima, Akira; Assael, Marc J.; Wakeham, William A. (1995-05-01). "Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 24 (3): 1377–1381. doi:10.1063/1.555963. ISSN 0047-2689.
- ↑ Lide, David R. (2003-06-19). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Handbook (in Inglis). CRC Press. 6-186. ISBN 9780849304842.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Water in Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov (retrieved 2014-06-01)
- ↑ "Water, the Universal Solvent". USGS.