Phosgene
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Carbonyl dichloride[2] | |||
| Ither names
CG
Carbon dichloride oxide Carbon oxychloride Chloroformyl chloride Dichloroformaldehyde Dichloromethanone Dichloromethanal | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| EC Nummer | 200-870-3 | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| RTECS nummer | SY5600000 | ||
| UNII | |||
| UN nummer | 1076 | ||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| COCl2 | |||
| Molar mass | 98.92 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colourless gas | ||
| Odour | suffocating, like musty hay[3] | ||
| Density | 4.248 g/L (15 °C, gas) 1.432 g/cm3 (0 °C, liquid) | ||
| Meltin pynt | −118 °C (−180 °F; 155 K) | ||
| Bylin pynt | 8.3 °C (46.9 °F; 281.4 K) | ||
| decomposes in water[4] | |||
| Solubility | soluble in benzene, toluene, acetic acid decomposes in alcohol and acid | ||
| Vapour pressur | 1.6 atm (20°C)[3] | ||
| Magnetic susceptibility | −48·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
| Structur | |||
| Molecular shape | Planar, trigonal | ||
| 1.17 D | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0007 | ||
| EU clessification |  T+
| ||
| R-phrases | R26 R34 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2) S9 S26 S36/37/39 S45 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash pynt | Non-flammable | ||
| Threshold Leemit Value | 0.1 ppm | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (Median concentration)
|
500 ppm (human, 1 min) 340 ppm (rat, 30 min) 438 ppm (moose, 30 min) 243 ppm (rabbit, 30 min) 316 ppm (guinea pig, 30 min) 1022 ppm (dug, 20 min) 145 ppm (monkey, 1 min)[5] | ||
LCLo (Lawest published)
|
3 ppm (human, 2.83 h) 30 ppm (human, 17 min) 50 ppm (mammal, 5 min) 88 ppm (human, 30 min) 46 ppm (cat, 15 min) 50 ppm (human, 5 min) 2.7 ppm (mammal, 30 min)[5] | ||
| US heal exposur leemits (NIOSH): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3)[3] | ||
REL (Recommendit)
|
TWA 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) C 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3) [15-minute][3] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
2 ppm[3] | ||
| Relatit compoonds | |||
Relatit compoonds
|
Thiophosgene Formaldehyde Carbonic acid Urea Carbon monoxide Chloroformic acid | ||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (whit is   ?)
| |||
| Infobox references | |||
Phosgene is the chemical compoond wi the formula COCl2. This colourless gas gained infamy as a chemical wappen during Warld War I whaur it wis responsible for aboot 85% o the 100,000 daiths caused bi chemical wappens. It is an aa a valued industrial reagent an biggin block in synthesis o pharmaceuticals an ither organic compoonds. In law concentrations, its odour resembles freshly cut hey or gress.[6] In addition tae its industrial production, small amounts occur frae the breakdoun an the combustion o organochlorine compoonds, sic as thae uised in refrigeration seestems.[7] The chemical wis named bi combinin the Greek wirds "phos" (meanin licht) an "genesis" (birth); it disna mean it conteens ony phosphorus (cf. phosphine).
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7310.
- ↑ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 798. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ↑ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide tae Chemical Hazards 0504
- ↑ "PHOSGENE (cylinder)". Inchem (Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations). International Programme on Chemical Safety and the European Commission.
- ↑ a b "Phosgene". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ CBRNE - Lung-Damaging Agents, Phosgene May 27, 2009
- ↑ Wolfgang Schneider; Werner Diller (2005), "Phosgene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia o Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_411
