Makhachkala
Makhachkala Махачкала | |
|---|---|
| Ither transcription(s) | |
| • Avar | МахIачхъала |
| • Kumyk | Магьачкъала |
.svg) Banner  Coat airms | |
Location o Makhachkala  | |
  Makhachkala Location o Makhachkala  Makhachkala Makhachkala (Republic of Dagestan) | |
| Coordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.500°ECoordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.500°E | |
| Kintra | Roushie |
| Federal subject | Dagestan |
| Foondit | 15th century |
| Govrenment | |
| • Bodi | Assembly o Deputies |
| • Ceety Heid | Said Amirov |
| Area | |
| • Total | 466.3 km2 (180.0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 577,990 |
| • Estimate (2018)[2] | 596,356 (+3.2%) |
| • Rank | 26t in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
| • Subordinatit tae | Ceety o Makhachkala[3] |
| • Caipital o | Republic o Dagestan |
| • Caipital o | Ceety o Makhachkala[3] |
| • Urban okrug | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Caipital o | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (Moscow Time  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 367000–367999 |
| Dialin code(s) | +7 8722 |
| Twin touns | Sfax, Ollnborg, Balıkesir, Brescia, Vladikavkaz, Kyiv, La Roche-sur-Yon, Rotterdam, Spokane, Smolyan, Yalova, Kaluga, Stavropol, Aktau |
| OKTMO ID | 82701000001 |
| Website | www |
Makhachkala (Roushie: Махачкала́; Avar: МахIачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Kumyk: Магьачкъала, Mağaçqala) is the caipital ceety o the Republic o Dagestan, Roushie. It is locatit on the wastren shore o the Caspian Sea an is hame tae the Makhachkala Grand Mosque, ane o Roushie's lairgest. Accordin tae the preliminary results o the 2010 Census, the ceety haed a population o 577,990.[1]
History
[eedit | eedit soorce]Makhachkala's historic predecessor wis the toun o Tarki, nou a near suburb, whose history goes back tae the 15t century an possibly hintle earlier. The modren ceety o Makhachkala wis foondit in 1844 as a fortress; toun status wis grantit in 1857. The oreeginal Roushie name o the ceety wis Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—efter the Roushie tsar Peter the Great who visitit the region in 1722. Housomeivver, amang the locals it wis kent as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress o Soil, Qala or Kala قلعه means Fortress in Arabic an Turkic). The ceety wis renamit Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, whiles simply Petrovsk, an then Makhachkala in 1921. The ceety incurred major damage durin the yirdquauk o 14 Mey 1970. It wis briefly renamit as Shamilkala in 1920s.
In Januar 1919, durin the Roushie Ceevil War, the Breetish based No. 221 Squadron Ryal Air Force at Petrovsk. In Mairch thay wur jynt bi No. 266 Squadron an baith squadrons wur involvit in bombin operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan an elsewhare. In August 1919 baith squadrons wur athdrawn frae Petrovsk.[7]
Administrative and municipal status
[eedit | eedit soorce]Administratively, alang wi sax rural localities, it is incorporated as the City of Makhachkala—an administrative unit wi the status equal tae that of the districts.[3] Municipally, the City of Makhachkala is incorporated as Makhachkala Urban Okrug.[4]
Ceety diveesions
[eedit | eedit soorce]Admeenistratively, the ceety is dividit intae three ceety destricts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, an Sovetsky.
Unrest
[eedit | eedit soorce]Makhachkala is close tae auries o fechtin an therefore it an the surroondin region haes a hivy security service presence. On 25 November 2011, a protest teuk place in Makhachkala attendit bi up tae 3,000 fowk demandin an end tae illegal activities perpetratit bi the security services.[8]
On December 15, 2011, Gadzhimurat Kamalov, a Roushie investigative jurnalist an foonder o the unthirlt Chernovik newspaper wis shot deid in an apparent assassination.[9]
Demographics
[eedit | eedit soorce]The population o Makhachkala includes (2002 census data): [1]
- Avars (26.5%)
- Laks (14.6%)
- Kumyks (13.9%)
- Dargins (13.7%)
- Lezgins (13.6%)
- Roushies (9.1%)
- Tabassarans (2.2%)
- Azeri (1.4%)
- Rutuls (1.2%)
Transportation
[eedit | eedit soorce]The ceety is servit bi Uytash Airport, Russian Railways an Caspian Sea International Port.
Sports
[eedit | eedit soorce]The ceety's fitbaa team, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, plays in the Roushie Premier League. Housomeivver, acause o recent unrest, the players currently live an train in Moscow [10].
Climate
[eedit | eedit soorce]The climate o Makhachkala combines subtropical wairm simmers an a continental climate resultin in cauld winters. It is influencit bi a semi-arid climate an aw (Köppen climate classification: BSk) as is foond athort maist o the Caspian Sea basin.
| Climate data for Makhachkala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record heich °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
38.7 (101.7) |
| Average heich °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Record law °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) |
−26.9 (−16.4) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−26.9 (−16.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
17 (0.7) |
32 (1.3) |
22 (0.9) |
21 (0.8) |
28 (1.1) |
46 (1.8) |
45 (1.8) |
41 (1.6) |
32 (1.3) |
365 (14.4) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 59 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 74.4 | 72.5 | 105.4 | 171.0 | 244.9 | 279.0 | 282.1 | 269.7 | 195.0 | 151.9 | 81.0 | 68.2 | 1,995.1 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: World Meteorological Organization (UN),[12] Hong Kong Observatory[13] for data of sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
Internaitional relations
[eedit | eedit soorce]Twin touns an sister cities
[eedit | eedit soorce]Makhachkala is twinned wi:
Sfax, Tunisie
Siping, Cheenae
Spokane, Unitit States
Vladikavkaz, Roushie
Yalova, Turkey
Ndola, Zambie
Oldenburg, Germany
Maharajganj, Indie
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]Notes
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ a b Invalid reference parameter
- ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service. Retrieved 23 Januar 2019.
- ↑ a b c Law #16
- ↑ a b c Law #6
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Roushie). 3 Juin 2011. Retrieved 19 Januar 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Roushie)
- ↑ Bowyer, Chaz (1988). RAF Operations 1918-1938. London: William Kimber. pp. 40, 41. ISBN 0-7183-0671-6.
- ↑ Russian journalist gunned down in violent republic of Dagestan, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ↑ Newspaper chief's murder in Dagestan adds to toll of Russian journalists, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ↑ "Blackburn Rovers defender Chris Samba joins Anzhi Makhachkala". Manchester: BBC. 24 Februar 2012.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2007.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Weather Information for Mahackala". Archived frae the original on 26 December 2018.
- ↑ "Climatological Information for Mahackala, Russia". Archived frae the original on 6 Januar 2019.
Sources
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №23 от 4 апреля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан в связи с прекращением полномочий Государственного Совета Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #23 of April 4, 2006 On Amending Several Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan Due to the Termination of Powers of the State Council of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №60 от 5 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 9 Закона Республики Дагестан "О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #60 of October 5, 2012 On Amending Article 9 of the Law of the Republic of Dagestan "On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
