Lutetium

Lutetium, ₇₁Lu
Lutetium
Pronunciation	/ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/ (lew-TEE-shee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Lu)	174.9668(1)
Mass number	Lu:
Lutetium in the periodic cairt
	ytterbium ← lutetium → hafnium
Atomic nummer (Z)	71
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	1925 K (1652 °C, 3006 °F)
Bylin pynt	3675 K (3402 °C, 6156 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	9.841 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	9.3 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	ca. 22 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	414 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.86 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 waikly basic
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.27
Atomic radius	empirical: 174 pm
Covalent radius	187±8 pm
	Spectral lines o lutetium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	Lu: Primordial
Creestal structur	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (poly) 9.9 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	16.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (poly) 582 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	68.6 GPa
Shear modulus	27.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	47.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.261
Vickers haurdness	1160 MPa
Brinell haurdness	893 MPa
CAS Nummer	7439-94-3
History
Diskivery	Georges Urbain an Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906)
First isolation	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906)
Main isotopes o lutetium
	Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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Lutetium is a chemical element wi the seembol Lu an atomic nummer 71. It is a sillery white metal which resists corrosion in dry, but nae in moist, air. It is the last element in the lanthanide series, an tradeetionally coontit amang the rare yirds.

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. 2000. ISBN 0849304814.

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-2] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.

[magnet-3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. 2000. ISBN 0849304814.

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