Leet o wather records
This is a leet o wather records, a leet o the maist extreme occurrences o wather phenomena for various categories.
Temperatur
[eedit | eedit soorce]Measurin condeetions
[eedit | eedit soorce]The staundart measurin condeetions for temperatur are in the air, 1.5 meters abuin the grund, an shielded frae direct sunlicht (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade").[1] The follaein leets include aw offeecially confirmed claims measurt bi those methods.
Temperaturs measured directly on the grund mey exceed air temperaturs bi 30 tae 50 °C.[1] A grund temperature o 84 °C (183.2 °F) haes been recordit in Port Sudan, Sudan.[2] A grund temperatur o 93.9 °C (201 °F) wis recordit in Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Californie, USA on 15 Julie 1972; this mey be the heichest naitural grund surface temperatur ever recordit.[3] The theoretical maximum possible grund surface temperatur haes been estimatit tae be atween 90 and 100 °C for dry, darkish siles o law thermal conductivity.[4]
Satellite measurements o grund temperature taken atween 2003 an 2009, taken wi the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, foond a maximum temperatur o 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which wis recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert wis an aa foond tae hae the heichest maximum temperatur in 5 o the 7 years measurt (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 an 2009.) Thir measurements reflect averages ower a lairge region an sae are lawer than the maximum pynt surface temperatur.[1]
Satellite measurements o the surface temperatur o Antarctica, taken atween 1982 an 2013, foond a cauldest temperatur o −93.2 °C (−136 °F) on 10 August 2010, at 81°48′S 59°18′E / 81.8°S 59.3°E. Althou this is nae comparable tae an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperatur at this location wad hae been lawer than the offeecial record lawest air temperatur o −89.2 °C.[5][6]
Heat
[eedit | eedit soorce]Heichest temperaturs ever recordit bi continent
[eedit | eedit soorce]Africae[notes 1]
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algerie | 51.3 °C (124.3 °F) | El Bayadh, El Bayadh Province / Ouargla, Ouargla Province | 2 September 1979[9]/5 Julie 2018[8] |
Botswana | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Maun | 7 Januar 2016[10] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Dori | 1984[11] |
Chad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 22 Juin 2010[12] |
Comoros | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Hahaya Internaitional Airport | 15 November 2017[13] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Lavumisa | ?[14] |
Ghana | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Navrongo | 26 Mairch 2017[13] |
Guinea | 45 °C (113 °F) | Koundara, Boké Region | 29 Mairch 2017[13] |
Niger | 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Diffa | 7 September 1978[15] |
Nigerie | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 3 Apryle 2010[12] |
Réunion | 36.9 °C (98.4 °F) | Le Port | 6 Mairch 2004[16] |
Sooth Africae | 50 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastren Cape | 3 November 1918[17] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 25 Juin 2010[12] |
Tunisie | 55 °C (131 °F) | Kebili | 7 Julie 1931[18] |
Wastren Sahara | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Semara | 13 Julie 1961[7] |
Zambie | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastren Province | 13 October 2010[12] |
Antarcticae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperature | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Antarcticae (aw laund/ice sooth o 60°S) | 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) | Signy Resairch Station, Sooth Orkney Islands | 30 Januar 1982[19] |
Antarcticae (mainland an adjynin islands) | 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) | Esperanza Base, Trinity Peninsula | 24 Mairch 2015[20][21] |
Antarcticae (Antarctic Plateau > 2,500 metre (8,202 ft)) | −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Automatit Wather Station D-80 (coordinates: 70°6'S, 134°53'W, elevation: 2,500 metre (8,202 ft)) | 28 December 1989[22] |
Sooth Pole | −12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station | 25 December 2011[23] |
Asie
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) | Farah | August 2009[24] |
Armenie | 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) | Meghri | 1 August 2011[25][26] |
Azerbaijan | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Julfa an Ordubad | ?[27] |
Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 30 Mey 1972[28] |
Bhutan | 40 °C (104 °F) | Phuentsholing | 27 August 1997[29] |
Cambodie | 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Preah Vihear | 15 Apryle 2016[30] |
Cheenae | 50.5 °C (122.9 °F) | Erbao Tounship, Turpan, Xinjiang | 10 Julie 2017[31] |
Hong Kong | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Wetland Park | 22 August 2017[13] |
Macau | 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Coloane | 22 August 2017[13] |
Indie | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Phalodi, Rajasthan | 19 May 2016[32] |
Indonesie | 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) | Jatiwangi, Majalengka Regency, Wast Java / Semarang, Central Java |
December 2006 / 27 October 2015[33] |
Iran | 54 °C (129 °F) | Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) | 29 Juin 2017.[7][34][35] |
Iraq | 53.8 °C (128.8 °F) | Basra | 22 Julie 2016[34][36] |
Israel | 54 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Zvi | 21 Juin 1942[37][notes 2] |
Japan | 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama | 23 Julie 2018[39] |
Jordan | 50 °C (122 °F) | Jordan University Agriculture Research Center | 6 September 2002[40] |
Kuwait | 53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Mitribah | 21 Julie 2016[41][notes 3] |
Kyrgyzstan | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | ? | ?[42] |
Laos | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Seno | 12 Apryle 2016[30] |
Malaysie | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 9 Apryle 1998[43] |
Maldives | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 16 Apryle 2016[30] |
Mongolia | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province | 24 Julie 1999[44] |
Myanmar | 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Myinmu | 14 Mey 2010[45][46] |
Nepal | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Chisapani | ?[47] |
Oman | 50.8 °C (123.4 °F) | Buraimi, Sohar, Qurayyat |
Julie 1990, Mey 2009, 30 Mey 2017[48] |
Pakistan | 53.7 °C (128.7 °F) | Turbat | 28 Mey 2017[41] |
Philippines | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 12 Apryle 1912, 11 Mey 1969[49] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 14 Julie 2010[12] |
Roushie (Siberie) | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Belogorsk, Amur Oblast | 12 Julie 2010[50] |
Saudi Arabie | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 23 Juin 2010[51] |
Singapore | 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Tengah | 17 Apryle 1983[52] |
Sooth Korea | 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) | Hongcheon, Gangwon Province | 1 August 2018[53] |
Sirie | 49.4 °C (120.9 °F) | ? | ?[54] |
Taiwan | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Tianxiang, Hualien Coonty | 9 Julie 2018[8][55] |
Thailand | 44.6 °C (112.3 °F) | Mae Hong Son | 28 Apryle 2016[30] |
Turkey | 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) | Cizre, Şırnak Province | 27 August 1961[56] |
Turkmenistan | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert | 28 Julie 1983[57][58] |
Unitit Arab Emirates | 52.1 °C (125.8 °F) | Al Jazeera Mairch Gate | Julie 2002[59][60] |
Vietnam | 43.4 °C (110.1 °F) | Huong Khe Destrict | 20 Apryle 2019[61] |
Europe
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Albanie | 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) | Tirana | 1973[62] |
Austrick | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 8 August 2013[63] |
Belaroushie | 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) | Gomel | 7 August 2010[12] |
Belgium | 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Begijnendijk, Flemish Brabant[notes 4] | 25 Julie 2019[64] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Mostar | 31 Julie 1901[65][66] |
Bulgarie | 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 5 August 1916[67] |
Croatie | 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Ploče | 5 August 1981[68] |
Cyprus | 45.6 °C (114.1 °F) | Nicosia | 1 August 2010[12] |
Czech Republic | 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-Wast Destrict | 20 August 2012[69] |
Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 10 August 1975[70] |
Estonie | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 11 August 1992[71] |
Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Joensuu Airport, Liperi | 29 Julie 2010[72] |
Fraunce | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Vérargues, Hérault | 28 Juin 2019[66] |
Germany | 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Lingen, Lawer Saxony[notes 4] | 25 Julie 2019[73] |
Greece | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Athens [notes 5] | 10 Julie 1977[75] |
Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 20 Julie 2007[76] |
Iceland | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 22 Juin 1939[77][78] |
Ireland | 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, Coonty Kilkenny | 26 Juin 1887[79] |
Italy | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Foggia, Apulie [notes 6] | 25 Juin 2007[80][81] |
Latvie | 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Ventspils | 4 August 2014[82] |
Lithuanie | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena Coonty | 30 Julie 1994[83] |
Luxembourg | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Steinsel, Luxembourg[notes 4] | 25 Julie 2019[84] |
Maltae | 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Maltae Internaitional Airport | 9 August 1999[85][86] |
Moldovae | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Falesti | 7 August 2012[87] |
Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica & Danilovgrad | 16 August 2007 / 8 August 2012[88] |
Netherlands | 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Gilze en Rijen[notes 4] | 25 Julie 2019[89] |
North Macedonie | 45.7 °C (114.3 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija | 24 Julie 2007[90] |
Norawa | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 20 Juin 1970[91] |
Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków[notes 7] | 29 Julie 1921[93] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 1 August 2003[94] |
Romanie | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila Coonty | 10 August 1951[95] |
Roushie (in Europe) | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykie | 12 Julie 2010[96] |
San Marino | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Serravalle | 3 August 2017, 9 August 2017[13] |
Serbie | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje | 24 Julie 2007[97] |
Slovakie | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 20 Julie 2007[98] |
Slovenie | 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 8 August 2013[99] |
Spain | 47.3 °C (117.1 °F) | Montoro, Cordoba (as Montoro Vega Armijo) | 13 Julie 2017[100] |
Swaden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala Coonty/ Målilla, Kalmar County (tied) |
9 Julie 1933 / 29 Juin 1947[101] |
Swisserland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa Destrict | 11 August 2003[102] |
Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 12 August 2010[103] |
Unitit Kinrick | 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire[notes 4] | 25 Julie 2019[104][105] |
Vatican Ceety | 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Vatican Ceety | 2 August 2017[13] |
North Americae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Anguilla | 34.2 °C (93.6 °F) | The Valley | 12 September 2015[106] |
Antigua an Barbuda | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport, St. John's | 12 August 1995[107][108] |
Breetish Virgin Islands | 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Terrance B. Lettsome Internaitional Airport | 22 Julie 2016[109] |
Canadae | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan Midale, Saskatchewan |
5 Julie 1937[110] |
Cayman Islands | 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport, Grand Cayman | 21 August 2016[109] |
Cuba | 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) | Veguitas (Granma Province) | 30 Juin 2019[111] |
Dominica | 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Canefield Airport | 3 October 2015[106] |
Dominican Republic | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 31 August 1954[112] |
Greenland | 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) | Ivittuut | 23 Juin 1915[113][114][115] |
Guatemala | 45 °C (113 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | ?[116] |
Martinique | 36.5 °C (97.7 °F) | Saint-Pierre | 6 October 2010[117] |
Mexico | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Mexicali area | 28 Julie 1995[118][119] |
Panama | 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | San Francisco | 20 Mairch 1998[120] |
Puerto Rico | 40 °C (104 °F) | Mona Island | 2 Julie 1996[121] |
United States | 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) | Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Californie | 10 Julie 1913[122][123][124] |
Unitit States Virgin Islands | 37 °C (99 °F) | Saint Thomas/ | 4 August 1994 an 23 Juin 1996[121] 31 July 1988[121] |
Oceanie[notes 8]
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Australie | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, Sooth Australie | 2 Januar 1960[125][126][127] |
Marshall Islands | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Utirik Atoll | 24 August 2016[109] |
New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury / Jordan, Marlborough (tied) |
7 Februar 1973[128] |
Palau | 35 °C (95 °F) | Koror | 22 Mairch 2018[129] |
Samoa | 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Asau | 24 December 1968[130] |
Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 1 Februar 2010[12] |
Tonga | 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Niuafoou | 1 Februar 2016[109] |
Vanuatu | 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Lamap Malekula | 8 Februar 2016[109] |
Wallis and Futuna | 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Futuna Airport | 10 Januar 2016[109] |
Sooth Americae[notes 9]
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Argentinae | 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) * | Rivadavia, Salta Province | 11 December 1905[125][131][132] |
Bolivie | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Depairtment | 29 October 2010[12][notes 10] |
Brazil | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Nova Maringá, Mato Grosso | 4 November 2020, 5 November 2020[133] |
Chile | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Quillón, Biobio Region[notes 11] | 26 Januar 2017[134][135] |
Colombie | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca | 29 December 2015[136] |
French Guiana | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni | 27 September 2016[109] |
Paraguay | 45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Depairtment | 14 November 2009[137] |
Peru | 48.3 °C (118.9 °F) | Juan Guerra, San Martín | 3 November 2018[138] |
Uruguay | 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Depairtment | 20 Januar 1943[139][140] |
Venezuela | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón | 29 Apryle 2015[106] |
Ither heich-temperature records
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Fastest temperatur rise: 27 °C (49 °F) in twa minutes; Spearfish, Sooth Dakota, 1943-01-22.[141]
- Maist consecutive days abuin 37.8 °C (100 °F): 160 days; Marble Bar, Wastren Australie frae 31 October 1923 tae 7 Aprile 1924.[142]
- Surface temperatur: Heat records are measurt bi air temperature abuin the grund. Remote sensin can estimate grund or "skin" surface temperaturs: the MODIS satellite foond in a brief survey a grund temperature o 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), in the Lut Desert o Iran, the hettest detectit.[143]
Lawest temperaturs recordit
[eedit | eedit soorce]Bi continent
[eedit | eedit soorce]Africae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Algerie | −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) | Mécheria | 28 January 2005[9] |
Burkina Faso | 5 °C (41 °F) | Markoye | January 1975[11] |
Botswana | −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) | Tsabong | ?[144] |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) | Big Bend | ?[14] |
Ghana | 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) | Kumasi, Tafo | ?[145] |
Guinea | 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) | Bareing | 2 Januar 1982[146] |
Lesotho | −21.0 °C (−5.8 °F) | ? | ?[147] |
Morocco | −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) | Ifrane | 11 Februar 1935[148] |
Niger | −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) | Bilma | 13 Januar 1995[15] |
Réunion | −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Gite de Bellecome | 10 September 1975[16] |
Sooth Africae | −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastren Cape | 23 August 2013[149] |
Sudan | −1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Zalingei | December 1961 an Januar 1962[150] |
Antarcticae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Antarcticae | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 21 Julie 1983[125][141][151][notes 12] |
Dome A | −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) | Dome A | Julie 2005[152] |
Sooth Pole | −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) | Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station | 23 Juin 1982[153] |
Asie
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) | Shahrak | Januar 1964[24] |
Armenie | −42.0 °C (−43.6 °F) | Paghakn an Ashocq | 1961[25] |
Azerbaijan | −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | Julfa an Ordubad | ?[27] |
Bangladesh | 2.6 °C (36.7 °F) | Tetulia Upazila | 8 Januar 2018[154] |
Cheenae | −58 °C (−72 °F) | Genhe, Inner Mongolie | 31 December 2009[155] |
Hong Kong | −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Tai Mo Shan | 24 January 2016[156] |
Indie | −44.9 °C (−48.8 °F) | Dras, Jammu an Kashmir | 22 Mairch 1911[157] |
Iran | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1972[158] |
Israel | −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) | Merom Golan | 10 Januar 2015[159] |
Japan | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 25 Januar 1902[39] |
Jordan | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Shoubak | 15 December 2013[40] |
Kuwait | −4.8 °C (23.4 °F) | Salmy | 3 Januar 2009[160] |
Kyrgyzstan | −53.6 °C (−64.5 °F) | ? | ?[42] |
Malaysie | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Hielands | 1 February 1978[43] |
Maldives | 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) | Hulhulé Island, locatit at Ibrahim Nasir Internaitional Airport | 11 Apryle 1978[161] |
Mongolie | −55.3 °C (−67.5 °F) | Züüngovi, Uvs Province | 31 December 1976[44][162] |
Myanmar | −57.9 °C (−72.2 °F) | Hkakabo Razi | unknown[163] |
Nepal | −26.0 °C (−14.8 °F) | Thakmarpha, Mustang destrict | ?[47] |
North Korea | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 12 January 1933[164] |
Pakistan | −24 °C (−11 °F) | Skardu | 7 January 1995[165] |
Philippines | 6.3 °C (43.3 °F) | Baguio | 18 January 1961[49][166] [notes 13] |
Qatar | 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) | Abu Samra | 5 Februar 2017[13] |
Roushie (Siberie) | −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) | Verkhoyansk an Oymyakon, baith in Sakha Republic |
7 February 1892 6 February 1933[168] |
Saudi Arabie | −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Turaif | ?[169] |
Singapore | 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) | Paya Lebar | 14 Februar 1989[52] |
Sooth Korea | −32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 5 January 1981[170] |
Sirie | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Idlib | Januar 1951[171] |
Taiwan | −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) | Yushan | 31 Januar 1970[172] |
Thailand | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 2 Januar 1974[173] |
Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Çaldıran, Van Province | 9 Januar 1990[56] |
Turkmenistan | −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Daşoguz Region | ?[57] |
United Arab Emirates | −5.4 °C (22.3 °F) | Jebel Jais | 3 Februar 2017[13] |
Vietnam | −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Sa Pa | 4 Januar 1974[174] |
Europe
[eedit | eedit soorce]Country/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Albanie | −25.8 °C (−14.4 °F) | ? | [175] |
Austrick | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Grünloch doline | 19 Februar 1932[176] |
Belaroushie | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 17 Januar 1940[177] |
Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley o the Lesse in Rochefort | 20 Januar 1940[178] |
Bosnie an Herzegovinae | −42.5 °C (−44.5 °F) | Igman in Sarajevo Canton | 24 Januar 1963[179] |
Bulgarie | −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) | Tran | 25 Januar 1947[67] |
Croatie | −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Čakovec | 3 Februar 1929[180] |
Cyprus | −16 °C (3 °F) | ? | [181] |
Czech Republic | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 11 Februar 1929[69] |
Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 8 Januar 1982[70] |
Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva Coonty | 17 Januar 1940[71] |
Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland | 28 Januar 1999[72] |
France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 17 Januar 1985[182] |
Germany | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavarie | 24 December 2001[183] |
Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 27 Januar 1963[74] |
Hungary | −35 °C (−31 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 16 Februar 1940[76] |
Iceland | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 21 Januar 1918[77] |
Ireland | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 16 Januar 1881[79] |
Italy | −49.6 °C (−57.3 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 10 Februar 2013[184] |
Latvie | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 8 February 1956[82] |
Lithuanie | −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena Coonty | 1 February 1956[83] |
Malta | 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Maltae Internaitional Airport | 29 Januar 1981[85][86] |
Moldovae | −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Brătușeni, Edineț Destrict | 20 Januar 1963[87] |
Netherlands | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 27 Januar 1942[185] |
North Macedonie | −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 27 Januar 1954[186] |
Norawa | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1 Januar 1886[91] |
Poland | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 11 Januar 1940[93] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
16 Januar 1945 an 5 Februar 1954[187] |
Romanie | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov Coonty | 25 January 1942[188] |
European Roushie | −58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) | Ust' Shchugor, Komi Republic | 31 December 1978[75] |
Serbie | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor Destrict | 13 Januar 1985[97] |
Slovakie | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 11 Februar 1929[98] |
Slovenie | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 15 Februar 1956 / 16 Februar 1956 / 13 Januar 1968[notes 14][189] |
Spain | −30 °C (−22 °F) | Calamocha Airport, Teruel Province | 17 December 1963[190] |
Sweden | −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Lappland | 2 Februar 1966[101] |
Swisserland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 12 Januar 1987[102] |
Ukraine | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 8 Januar 1935[103][191] |
Unitit Kinrick | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
11 Februar 1895 10 Januar 1982 30 December 1995[105] |
North Americae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperatur | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Antigua an Barbuda | 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) | V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport, Antigua | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976[107][108] |
Canada | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 3 February 1947[141][192] |
Cayman Islands | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport, Grand Cayman | ?[193] |
Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa, Mayabeque Province | 18 February 1996[111][194] |
Dominican Republic | −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province | 17 January 1983[195] |
Greenland | −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) | North Ice | 9 Januar 1954[196] |
Guatemala | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department | ?[116] |
Martinique | 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) | Le Lamentin | 25 December 1964[117] |
Panama | 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) | Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province | 20 February 1995[120] |
Puerto Rico | 4 °C (40 °F) | Aibonito/San Sebastian | 9 March 1911/ 24 January 1966[121] |
US Virgin Islands | 10.6 °C (51.0 °F) | Anna's Hope, Saint Croix | 31 January 1954[121] |
Unitit States ( Alaska) |
−62.2 °C (−80.0 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 23 January 1971[197] |
Unitit States ( Hawaii) |
−11.1 °C (12.0 °F) | Mauna Kea, Hawaii | 17 May 1979[198] |
Unitit States (Mainland) |
−57.0 °C (−70.6 °F) | Rogers Pass, Montana | 20 January 1954[199] |
Sooth Americae
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperature | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Argentinae | −32.8 °C (−27.0 °F) | Sarmiento, Chubut Province | 1 Juin 1907[200] |
Brazil | −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 11 Juin 1952[201][202] |
Chile | −37 °C (−34.6 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aysen Region | 21 June 2002[203] |
French Guiana | 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) | Maripasoula | 23 Januar 1964[204] |
Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Depairtment | 13 Julie 2000[205] |
Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 30 Juin 1966[206] |
Uruguay | −11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Depairtment | 14 Juin 1967[139][140] |
Venezuela | −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Piedras Blancas, estado Mérida | 15 Januar 2010[207] |
Oceanie
[eedit | eedit soorce]Kintra/Region | Temperature | Toun/Location | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Australie | −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New Sooth Wales | 29 Juin 1994[126] |
New Zealand | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 18 Julie 1903[208] |
Samoa | 11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Afiamalu | 29 September 1971[130] |
Ither law-temperatur records
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Fastest temperatur drop: 27.2 °C (49 °F) in 5 meenits; Rapid City, Sooth Dakota, 10 Januar 1911.[141]
- Cauldest simmer (month o Julie in the Northren Hemisphere): −33 °C (−27.4 °F) degrees; Summit Camp, Greenland on 4 Julie 2017.[209]
Precipitation
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Least per year (locale): 0.2 millimetre (0.0079 in) per year or less, Quillagua, Antofagasta Region, Chile.[210]
Rain
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Maist in ane minute: 38 mm (1.5 in); Barot, Guadeloupe, 26 November 1970.[211]
- Maist in ane oor: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, Unitit States, 22 Juin 1947.[75]
- Maist in 12 oors: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 8 Januar 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[75]
- Maist in 24 oors: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 7–8 Januar 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[75]
- Maist in 48 oors: 2,493 mm (98.1 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, Indie, 15–16 Juin 1995.[75]
- Maist in 72 oors: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 Februar 2007.[75]
- Maist in 96 oors: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 Februar 2007.[75]
- Maist in ane year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, Indie, 1860–1861.[75]
- Heichest average annual tot: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, Meghalaya, Indie.[75]
Snaw
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Maist in ane-year period: 31.5 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 Februar 1971 tae 18 Februar 1972.[141]
- Maist in ane saison (1 Julie – 30 Juin): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 throu 1999.[212]
- Maist in ane calendar month an greatest snow depth in North Americae: 990.6 cm (390 inches) o snaw fell in Tamarack, Californie in Januar 1911, leadin tae a snaw depth in Mairch o 1145.5 cm (451 inches).[212][213]
Wind speed
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed bi a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 3 Mey 1999.[214]
- Fastest recorded wi an anemometer: 113.2 m/s or 407 km/h (253 mph) 3-second gust; ane of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; Barrow Island (Western Australia), 10 Aprile 1996, during Cyclone Olivia.[215]
- Fastest recorded wi an anemometer ootside a tropical cyclone: 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, 12 Aprile 1934.[216]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-oor period frae 21 Mairch 1951 tae 22 Mairch 1951.[141]
Tornadoes
[eedit | eedit soorce]Deadliest in history
[eedit | eedit soorce]- On Yird: Approximately 1300 daiths; Manikganj Destrict, Bangladesh on 26 Aprile 1989.[217]
- In North Americae: 695 daiths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States 18 Mairch 1925.[141]
- In Europe: 600 or mair (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valletta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (soorces conflict)[218]
- In Sooth Americae: 63 daiths, San Justo, Santa Fe, Argentina, 10 Januar 1973[219]
- In Australie: Three daiths, Kin Kin, Queensland tornado, 14 August 1971[220]
Ootbreaks
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Lairgest an maist severe: The Aprile 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span o 24 oors, wi a tot o 337 occurrin throuoot the duration o the ootbreak. Thay affectit sax US states, an includit 11 EF4s an 4 EF5s.[221]
Tropical cyclones
[eedit | eedit soorce]Maist intense (bi minimum surface air pressur)
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Maist intense iver recordit: 870 hPa (25.63 inHg); ee o Super Typhoon Tip ower the Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.[141]
- Maist intense in the Western Hemisphere: 872 hPa (25.75 inHg); ee o Hurricane Patricia ower the eastren Paceefic Ocean, 23 October 2015.[222]
- Maist intense iver recordit on laund: 892 hPa (26.35 inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, ee o the Labor Day Hurricane, 2 September 1935. While ither laundfawin tropical cyclones potentially haed lawer pressurs, data is vague frae auries ither nor the Atlantic basin, especially afore the invention o wather satellites.[223]
Ither severe wather
[eedit | eedit soorce]Hail
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Hiviest offeecially recordit: 1.02 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh, 14 Aprile 1986.[224]
- Lairgest diameter offeecially measurt: 20 cm (8.0 in) diameter, 47.3 cm (18.625 in) circumference; Vivian, Sooth Dakota, 23 Julie 2010.[225]
- Lairgest circumference offeecially measurt: 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference, 18 cm (7.0 in) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, 22 Juin 2003.[224][226]
Lichtnin
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Langest lichtnin bowt: 321 km (199 mi) on 20 Juin 2007 in Oklahoma.[227][228]
- Langest duration for a single lichtnin flash: 7.74 seconds on 30 August 2012 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Fraunce.[227][228]
- Maist strikes per year: Catatumbo lichtnin in Loch Maracaibo, Venezuela earned the tap spot receivin an average rate o aboot 233 flashes per square kilometer per year.[229][230]
UV
[eedit | eedit soorce]- On Dec. 29, 2003, a warld-record UV index o 43.3 wis detectit at Bolivia's Licancabur volcano.[231]
Ither categories
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Heichest air pressur ever recorded (abuin 750 meters): 1084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 19 December 2001.[232] This is the equivalent sea-level pressur; Tosontsengel is locatit at 1,300 metre (4,300 ft) abuin sea level. The heichest adjusted-tae-sea-level barometric pressur ever recordit (ablo 750 meters) wis at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Roushie (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 o 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).[233] The discrimination is due tae the problematic assumptions (assumin a staundart lapse rate) associatit wi reduction o sea level frae heich elevations.[232][233]
See an aa
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Extremes on Yird
- Leet o extreme temperaturs in Canadae
- UK rainfaw records
- U.S. state temperatur extremes
- Wather extremes in Canadae
- 2013 extreme wather events
Notes
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Africae's hettest reliably measured temperatur is 50.7°C (123.3°F) at Semara, Wastren Sahara on 13 Julie 1961.[7] This vailyie wis surpassed on 5 Julie 2018 whan 51.3 °C (124.3 °F) wis recordit at Ouargla, Algerie on 5 Julie 2018.[8]
- ↑ The temperature has been reported as 54 °C (129 °F), however weather historian Christopher Burt argues that the thermograph trace was misread.[38]
- ↑ According to the World Meteorological Organization, the reported temperature is the highest recorded in Asia.[41]
- ↑ a b c d e Part of the July 2019 European heat wave
- ↑ A temperatur o 48.7 °C (119.7 °F) haes an aw been meisurt on the same day in Tatoi, houiver it is nae conseedert tae be the offeecial temperatur record for Greece.[74]
- ↑ A disputit record temperatur o 48.5 °C (119.3 °F) wis measurt on 10 August 1999 in Catenanuova, Sicily.[80]
- ↑ Record meisurt on German territory at that time: Proskau, Landkreis Oppeln, Oberschlesien (nou Prószków, Opole Voivodeship). The record in Poland proper at that time wis attained on the same day bi the veelage o Zbiersk at 40.0 °C.[92]
- ↑ On 16 Januar 1889, a temperatur o 53 °C (128 °F) wis recordit at Cloncurry, Queensland. It wis measurt wi a non-staundart thermometer, so it is unkent if this readin wis valid or nae.[125] The readin is nae recognised bi Australie's Bureau o Meteorology.[126]
- ↑ Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Sooth America's hettest reliably meisurt temperature is 47.3°C (117.1°F) at Campo Gallo, Argentinae on 16 October 1936.[7]
- ↑ Temperatur reached on multiple occasions; this is the maist recent.
- ↑ This record is disputit acause o the forest fires that occurred aroond the toun o Quillón. It is heichly probable thae fires hae influenced this record.
- ↑ This temperature is conseedert the lawest iver offeecially recordit in Antarctica an in the Warld, as it was perceived bi grund-poseetioned thermometers in 1983. Satellite analyses made on 10 August 2010 pyntit tae a temperatur o −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) near Dome F in Queen Maud Land, but this record is nae offeecially leetit acause it wis meisurt by remote sensin methods that are nae totally consistent, unlik the 1983 temperatur. See Lawest temperatur recorded on Yird for details.
- ↑ It is reported by local news outlet that temperatures in Mt. Pulag in the Philippines which is 2,922 meters above sea level plunges as low as 2.0 °C (35.6 °F). PAGASA cannot verify[167]
- ↑ The lawest unoffeecially meisurt temperatur in Slovenie wis recordit at Komna on 9 Januar 2009 an reached −49 °C (−56 °F).
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ a b c p. 855-857, Satellite Finds Highest Land Skin Temperatures on Earth, David J. Mildrexler, Maosheng Zhao, and Steven W. Running, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, July 2011, pp. 855-860, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3067.1.
- ↑ Table 9.2, p. 158, Dryland Climatology, Sharon E. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 1139500244.
- ↑ A possible warld record maximum naitural grund surface temperatur, Paul Kubecka, Weather, 56, #7 (July 2001), Weather, pp. 218-221, doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06577.x.
- ↑ Extreme Maximum Land Surface Temperatures, J. R. Garratt, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 31, #9 (September 1992), pp. 1096–1105, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1096:EMLST>2.0.CO;2
- ↑ Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite, Jonathan Amos, BBC News, 9 December 2013.
- ↑ The Coldest Place on Earth: -90°C and below from Landsat 8 and other satellite thermal sensors, Ted Scambos, Allen Pope, Garrett Campbell, and Terry Haran, American Geophysical Union fall meeting, 9 December 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Burt, Christopher C. (19 August 2016). "Hottest Reliably Measured Air Temperatures on Earth: PART TWO". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ↑ a b c Watts, Jonathan (13 Julie 2018). "Heatwave sees record high temperatures around world this week". The Guardian. Archived frae the original on 31 Julie 2018. Retrieved 31 Julie 2018.
- ↑ a b "Seconde Communication Nationale de L'Algerie Sur Les Changements Climatiques a la CCNUCC" (PDF) (in French). Ministere de L'Amenagement du Territoire et de L'Environnement. 2010. p. 27. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ "Botswana: Heat Wave Breaks Maximum Temperature Records".
- ↑ a b "Programme D'Action National D'Adaptation a la Variabilite et aux Changements Climatiques (Pana du Burkina Faso)" (PDF) (in French). Ministere de L'Environnnement et du Cadre de Vie. p. 11. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i "Temperature breaks all records in Cyprus". Weather Underground. 7 August 2010. Cite has empty unkent parameter:
|dead-url=
(help) - ↑ a b c d e f g h i Masters, Jeff (18 Januar 2018). "NOAA: Earth Had Its Third Warmest Year on Record in 2017". Wunderground. Retrieved 29 Apryle 2018.
- ↑ a b "Groundwater Resources of Swaziland" (PDF). Swaziland Ministry of Natural Resources, Land Use and Energy. December 1992. p. 6. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑ a b "Troisieme Communication Nationale A La Conference Des Parties De La Conventioncadre Des Nations Unies Sur Les Changements Climatiques" (PDF). Republique de Niger. p. 8. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 6 Mey 2018. Retrieved 6 Mey 2018.
- ↑ a b "Climat de la Réunion" (in French). Météo-France. Archived frae the original on 1 Januar 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "What are the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes in SA?". South African Weather Service. Archived frae the original on 17 Mey 2017. Retrieved 17 Mey 2017.
- ↑ Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli; Randall S. Cerveny; Christopher C. Burt; Philip Eden; David Parker; Manola Brunet; Thomas C. Peterson; Gianpaolo Mordacchini; Vinicio Pelino; Pierre Bessemoulin; José Luis Stella; Fatima Driouech; M.M Abdel wahab; Matthew B. Pace (2012). "World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 94 (2): 199–204. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94..199E. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1.
- ↑ "WMO Region VII (Antarctica): Highest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 1 Mairch 2017.
- ↑ Mccarthy, Tom (31 Mairch 2015). "Antarctica records unprecedented high temperatures in two new readings". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 Julie 2015.
- ↑ "WMO Region VII (Antarctica mainland & adjoining islands): Highest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 1 Mairch 2017.
- ↑ "WMO Region VII (Antarctica plateau>2500m): Highest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 29 Apryle 2018.
- ↑ "Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day". United States Antarctic Program. 29 December 2011. Retrieved 1 Februar 2012.
- ↑ a b inc, Ibp (2013). Afghanistan Constitution and Citizenship Law Handboook – Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Int'l Business Publications. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4387-7835-8.[deid airtin]
- ↑ a b "Republic of Armenia Third National Communication on Climate Change" (PDF). Ministry of Nature Protection. 2015. p. 3. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ "Hottest Day on Record – 43.7 Celsius". Hetq Online. 3 August 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ a b Mahmudov, Rza. "Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic". Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic. Archived frae the original on 24 Mey 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
- ↑ "Bangladesh records highest temperature 42.2 degree Celsius in last 14 years". Asian Tribune. 27 Apryle 2009. Archived frae the original on 18 Juin 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ↑ Passang Norbu (14 Juin 2013). "The heat has got into the Himalayas". Kuensel. Archived frae the original on 2 Apryle 2015. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2015. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ a b c d "Exceptional Heat Wave 2016". Meteo France. Archived frae the original on 28 Apryle 2016. Retrieved 29 Apryle 2016.
- ↑ "50.5℃!全国最高气温问世 未来或将再创新纪录". baijiahao.baidu.com.
- ↑ "Indian summer makes history, Phalodi in Rajasthan boils at 51°C". Skymet Weather.
- ↑ "Indonesia ties all-time national heat record". Archived frae the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ a b Samenow, Jason (22 Julie 2016). "Two Middle East locations hit 129 degrees, hottest ever in Eastern Hemisphere, maybe the world". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 Julie 2016.
- ↑ "Temperatures in Iranian city of Ahvaz hit 129.2F (54C), near hottest on Earth in modern measurements". independent.com. 30 Juin 2017. Retrieved 30 Juin 2017.
- ↑ Tapper, James (23 Julie 2016). "Think you're hot? Spare a thought for Kuwait, as mercury hits record 54C". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑ "Climate Extremes in Israel". Israel Meteorological Service. 21 Juin 1942. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ↑ Burt, Christopher C. (22 October 2010). "Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth". Weather Underground. Archived frae the original on 3 Januar 2014. Retrieved 7 Januar 2014. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ a b "former National Rankings". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ↑ a b القيم المتطرفة (in Arabic). Jordanian Meteorological Department. Archived frae the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
- ↑ a b c "WMO verifies 3rd and 4th hottest temperature recorded on Earth". World Meteorological Organization. Archived frae the original on 18 Juin 2019. Retrieved 18 Juin 2019.
- ↑ a b "Country profile". mineconom.gov.kg. Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Archived frae the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 Januar 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ a b "General Climate Information". Malaysia Meteorological Department. Archived frae the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 30 Juin 2010.
- ↑ a b "Mongolia: Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Nature and Tourism, Mongolia. September 2009. pp. 36–37. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ Myint, Yee (2 Mey 2016). "Heat takes its toll". Myanmar Times. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ Soe, Kyaw (25 Februar 2016). "Warnings of strong El Niño through June". Myanmar Times. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ↑ a b "Nepal". Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived frae the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ Jeff Masters, Historic Heat Wave Sweeps Asia, the Middle East and Europe, 6 June 2017
- ↑ a b "Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). Government of the Philippines. 29 December 2014. p. 6. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ↑ "Wunder Blog". Weather Underground. 19 Julie 2010. Archived frae the original on 22 Julie 2010. Retrieved 28 Januar 2011.
- ↑ "saudigazette". Archived frae the original on 30 September 2015. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ a b "Historical Extremes". Meteorological Service Singapore. Archived frae the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ↑ "한반도 폭염 신기원…서울 39.6도·홍천 41.0도". news1. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ↑ "Initial National Communication of the Syrian Arab Republic" (PDF). Ministry of state for Environmental Affairs. Apryle 2010. pp. 18–20. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ↑ "Heat Records Falling Around the World in 2018". Wunderground. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ a b "Türkiye'de ve Dünyada Kaydedilen En Düşük ve En Yüksek Değerler". Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 10 Julie 2019.
- ↑ a b "Third National Communication of Turkmenistan Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan. 2015. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ↑ "Report on implementation of the UNCCD in Turkmenistan". Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan. 2000. p. 7. Archived frae the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ↑ Ponce de Leon, Janice (11 August 2016). "Debunking weather myths in the UAE". Gulf News. Archived frae the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ↑ Croucher, Martin (12 Julie 2013). "UAE weather: Temperature soars to near record level". The National. Archived frae the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ↑ Cappucci, Matthew (22 Apryle 2019). "Vietnam just observed its highest temperature ever recorded: 110 degrees, in April". The Washington Post. Archived frae the original on 5 Mey 2019. Retrieved 5 Mey 2019.
- ↑ "Extreme Temperatures across the World". knoema. 26 Julie 2019. Retrieved 26 Julie 2019.
- ↑ "Neuer Hitze-Rekord: 40,5°C in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg". ZAMG. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ↑ "Zo uitzonderlijk was het gisteren: 41,8 graden in Begijnendijk" (in Dutch). VRTNWS. Retrieved 25 Julie 2019.
- ↑ "Federal Hydrometeorological Institute". Archived frae the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 28 Julie 2016.
- ↑ a b "C'est officiel : on a atteint les 46 °C en France en juin" (in French). Météo France. Archived frae the original on 21 Julie 2019. Retrieved 19 Julie 2019.
- ↑ a b "Bulgaria Second National Communication" (PDF). Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "Croatia Sixth National Communication" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Julie 2016.
- ↑ a b "Česká republika – Česká nej". atlasceska.cz. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ↑ a b "Vejrekstremer i Danmark" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. Archived frae the original on 26 Apryle 2017. Retrieved 25 Apryle 2017.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ a b "Weather records". Estonian Weather Services. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ↑ a b "Lämpötilaennätyksiä" (in Finnish). Finnish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 3 Januar 2017.
- ↑ "Hitzewelle: Lingen mit 42,6 Grad heißester Ort". www1.wdr.de. 25 Julie 2019. Retrieved 25 Julie 2019.
- ↑ a b "Τα χαμηλότερα και υψηλότερα ρεκόρ θερμοκρασίας στην Ελλάδα". Meteoclub.gr. Retrieved 22 Februar 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j "Global Weather & Climate Extremes". World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved 2 Januar 2019.
- ↑ a b "Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service". Met.hu. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ↑ a b Einarsson, Markús. Climate of Iceland pg 683. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
- ↑ Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set Archived 2009-06-29 at the Wayback Machine Iceland Review 31 July 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
- ↑ a b "Temperature – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online". Met.ie. 2 Januar 1979. Archived frae the original on 7 Januar 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ a b "BATTUTI I RECORD DI CALDO: Italia del Sud nella fornace africana, punte di +47 °C" (in Italian). Meteogiornale. 25 Juin 2007. Archived frae the original on 12 Mey 2014. Retrieved 8 Mey 2014.
- ↑ "Il record italiano di caldo: +48.5 °C" (in Italian). CentroMeteoToscana. 7 Julie 2012. Archived frae the original on 12 Mey 2014. Retrieved 8 Mey 2014.
- ↑ a b LVGMC Twitter account. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2014. (in Latvie)
- ↑ a b "(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)" (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service. Archived frae the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "40,8°C: Neuer offizieller Temperaturrekord in Luxemburg" (in German). AgriMeteo. Retrieved 25 Julie 2019. Cite has empty unkent parameter:
|dead-url=
(help) - ↑ a b "The Second Communication of Malta to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Xhange" (PDF). Ministry of Resources and Rural Affairs. Mey 2010. pp. 40–41. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ↑ a b Galdies, Charles (2011). "The Climate of Malta: statistics, trends, and analysis 1951–2010" (PDF). National Statistics Office. pp. 6–7. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 5 Apryle 2016. Retrieved 26 Februar 2013.
- ↑ a b "Recorduri meteorologice în Republica Moldova" (in Romanian). Serviciul Hidrometeorologic de Stat. Archived frae the original on 20 Mairch 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Masters, Jeff. "2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña". Weather Underground. Archived frae the original on 17 Januar 2013. Retrieved 17 Januar 2013. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ https://nos.nl/liveblog/2294980-meting-41-7-graden-in-deelen-niet-geldig-wel-boven-de-40-in-gilze-rijen.html}
- ↑ "Second National Communication on Climate Change" (PDF). Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. December 2008. p. 24. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- ↑ a b "Klima". met.no. Archived frae the original on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2010. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ "Polskie Rekordy". MeteoModel.pl. 31 Mey 2011. Retrieved 12 Februar 2016.
- ↑ a b "Rekordy klimatyczne w Polsce". Klimat.Geo.UJ.edu.pl (in Polls). Zakład Klimatologii – Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków. Archived frae the original on 29 Mey 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ Extremes Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, IPMA
- ↑ THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
- ↑ "Погода и Климат – В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 28 Januar 2011.
- ↑ a b "TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia". Hidmet.gov.rs. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ↑ a b "Historial Extremes: Review of historical extremes (extreme values) of selected meteorological elements at the territory of Slovak republic". Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ↑ "V Cerkljah ob Krki namerili rekordnih 40,8 stopinje Celzija" (in Slovenian). 24ur.com. Retrieved 8 August 2013.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Benayas, Victoria (14 Julie 2017). "Córdoba sets new temperature record as heatwave continues in Spain". El País. Archived frae the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 19 Julie 2017.
- ↑ a b "Svenska temperaturrekord". Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ↑ a b "Records Suisse". MeteoSwiss. Archived frae the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 25 Julie 2016.
- ↑ a b Кліматичні рекорди (in Ukrainian). Central Observatory for Geophysics. Archived frae the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ↑ "New official highest temperature in UK confirmed". Met Office. Retrieved 29 Julie 2019.
- ↑ a b "UK climate – Extremes". Met Office. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ↑ a b c Masters, Jeff (27 Januar 2016). "Sixteen National/Territorial All-Time Extreme Heat Records Set in 2015". Wunderground. Retrieved 19 Julie 2017.
- ↑ a b "Our Climate". Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service. Archived frae the original on 5 Mairch 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ↑ a b "Normal Daily Temperature: TEMPERATURE AT V.C. Bird International Airport". Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service. Archived frae the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (18 Januar 2017). "Confirmed: 2016 the Warmest Year in History of Global Recordkeeping". Wunderground. Retrieved 7 Mey 2018.
- ↑ "Top Weather Events of the 20th Century". Environment Canada. Mey 2010. Retrieved 26 Januar 2013.
- ↑ a b "Records nationaux de température".
- ↑ Mejía, Mariela (7 Januar 2011). "Frío extremo, calor agobiante" (in Spanish). Diario Libre. Archived frae the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 2 Mey 2017.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Greenland witnessed its highest June temperature ever recorded on Thursday". The Washington Post. 10 Juin 2016. Retrieved 22 Februar 2019.
- ↑ "Greenland -Dnk- - Ivigtut". Pendientedemigracion.ucm.es. Archived frae the original on 26 Januar 2016. Retrieved 22 Februar 2019.
- ↑ "More record lows since 1937 than record highs". Iceagenow.info. 27 Juin 2017. Archived frae the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 22 Februar 2019.
- ↑ a b "Datos metorologicos de los departamentos" (in spanish). INSIVUMEH. Retrieved 26 October 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ a b "Le climat en Martinique" (in French). Météo-France. Archived frae the original on 1 Januar 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ Christopher Burt. "Early Summer Heat Broils Northern Hemisphere". Retrieved 19 Mairch 2018.
- ↑ García Cueto, O.R.; Santillán Soto, N.; Quintero Núñez, M.; Ojeda Benítez, S.; Velázquez Limón, N. (October 2013). "Extreme temperature scenarios in Mexicali, Mexico under climate change conditions". Atmósfera. 26 (4): 509–520. doi:10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71092-0.
- ↑ a b "Extreme Temperatures". Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A. Archived frae the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e "All Time Extremes for PR and VI". National Weather Service. Archived frae the original on 19 Januar 2017. Retrieved 19 Januar 2017.
- ↑ "Doubts Cloud Death Valley's 100-year Heat Record". Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ↑ World: Highest Temperature Archived 4 Januar 2013 at the Wayback Machine World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ a b c d Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. Archived 2012-05-25 at Archive.today National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
- ↑ a b c "Australian Temperature Extremes" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. 1 Apryle 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ↑ "50.5 °C – W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature". Bureau of Meteorology. 20 Februar 1998. Retrieved 12 Julie 2011.
- ↑ "Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007". Teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ Masters, Jeff (18 Apryle 2018). "March 2018: Earth's 5th Warmest March on Record". Wunderground. Retrieved 29 Apryle 2018.
- ↑ a b "Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Samoa Agriculture Competitiveness Enhancement Project" (PDF). World Bank. 2 December 2011. p. 53. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ↑ "Continental Weather & Climate Extremes: Based on World Meteorological Organization Defined Regions". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ↑ The record o 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) in Villa de María, Córdoba Province, Argentinae, on 2 Januar 1920, is disputit an conseedert dubious"Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina)". Retrieved 31 Mairch 2014.
- ↑ "Brasil tem novo recorde histórico de calor" [Brazil has a new historic heat record]. www.terra.com.br (in Portuguese). Terra. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020. Cite has empty unkent parameter:
|1=
(help) - ↑ "En Bío Bío se registró temperatura máxima de la historia de Chile" (in Spanish). Biobiochile.cl. 27 Januar 2017. Archived frae the original on 15 Juin 2017. Retrieved 19 Juin 2017. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link) - ↑ "Quillón tuvo hoy la temperatura más alta de la historia de Chile: 44.9 grados a la sombra". The Clinic. 26 Januar 2017. Retrieved 15 Juin 2017.
- ↑ "Informe Técnico Diario N°364". IDEAM. 30 December 2015. Archived frae the original on 29 Januar 2016. Retrieved 15 Januar 2016.
- ↑ "Valores extremos históricos climatológicos de la red de estaciones". 13 Januar 2011. Archived frae the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 31 Julie 2019.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ↑ "¿En qué regiones se han registrado las temperaturas más altas a nivel nacional?". El Comercio Perú (in Spainish). 11 Mairch 2018.
- ↑ a b "Clima del Uruguay" (in Spanish). Red Académica Uruguaya. Archived frae the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ a b "Boletín meteorológico" [Meteorologic records of Uruguay] (in Spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived frae the original on 9 Juin 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book (2nd ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8.
- ↑ "Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–1924". Australian Climate Extremes. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
- ↑ "Finding the hottest spots on Earth by satellite". Earth Observatory. NASA. 2 Mey 2012.
- ↑ "Botswana's Climate". Meteorological Services Botswana. Archived frae the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "Climatology". Ghana Meteorological Services Department. Archived frae the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "Quelques Records en Guinée" (in French). Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée. Archived frae the original on 9 Januar 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "Lesotho – National report on climate change" (PDF). Ministry of Natural Resources. Apryle 2000. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ↑ "WMO Region I (Africa): Lowest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ↑ "New minimum temperature record for South Africa". Retrieved 12 Juin 2014.
- ↑ "Sudan". Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived frae the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature". Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (in Russian). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat (105). Archived frae the original on 27 Februar 2009. Retrieved 22 Julie 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ Web Team (5 September 2005). "Australian Antarctic Division". Aad.gov.au. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "Office of Polar Programs". Nsf.gov. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "Cold claims 8 more". Retrieved 8 Januar 2018.
- ↑ "大陸冷極 內蒙根河室內外溫差90℃ - 中時電子報". Chinatimes.com. 23 Januar 2018. Retrieved 22 Februar 2019.
- ↑ 多雨極寒的一月. 5 Februar 2016 – via YouTube.
- ↑ De, U.; Dube, R.; Rao, G. (2005). "Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years" (PDF). Journal of Indian Geophysical Union. 3 (3): 173–187. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 4 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ↑ "رکورد گرمترین و سردترین نقطه ایران مربوط به کی و کجاست؟ / ثبت دمای بالای 71 درجه تا 46 درجه زیر صفر". danakhabar.com.
- ↑ Judah Ari Gross, "Golan sees record low temperatures during storm", The Times of Israel, 12 January 2015.
- ↑ "Climate History". Kuwait Meteorological Department. Archived frae the original on 13 Februar 2019. Retrieved 13 Februar 2019.
- ↑ "Climate of Maldives". Maldives Meteorological Service. Archived frae the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ↑ "Mongolia Third National Communication" (PDF). Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ↑ "ASEAN Winter Snow in the Tropics". Living ASEAN. Archived frae the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 31 Julie 2019.
- ↑ 선종일 (1 August 1942). "Korean Climate". User.chollian.net. Archived frae the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 29 Januar 2012. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ Hamayoon Janjua (30 Januar 2019). "Pakistan Climate". crayon.pk. Archived frae the original on 5 Julie 2019. Retrieved 11 Mey 2018. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) - ↑ Luces, Kim (31 Januar 2014). "'Abnormally cold' temperatures recorded in January". GMA News. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2015.
However, these are nothing compared to the all-time lowest temperature ever felt in Baguio City and in the Philippines – the 6.3-degree cold felt on January 18, 1961.
- ↑ Yap, DJ (25 Januar 2013). "Zero in Mt. Pulag? Pagasa clueless". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2015.
- ↑ "Northern Hemisphere: Lowest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ↑ "Second National Communication" (PDF). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. p. 2. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ↑ "Climate of Korea". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 24 Julie 2010.
- ↑ "أبرد شتاء مر على سوريا منذ عام 1950 !". طقس سوريا – طقس العرب.
- ↑ "The Climate". Yushan National Park. Archived frae the original on 22 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 22 Apryle 2018.
- ↑ "The Climate of Thailand" (PDF). Thai Meteorological Department. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 31 Julie 2016.
- ↑ "Vì sao miền Bắc lạnh bất thường?" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. Archived frae the original on 12 Mairch 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
- ↑ "Albania". Climate Change Post.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 22 Julie 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ Baglasov Andrey; Belov Alexandr; Sinitsa Valentina; Bychenkov Alexandr. "Department of Hydrometeorology". Pogoda.by. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site". Kmi.be. Archived frae the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 29 Januar 2012.
- ↑ "Interview with the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of BiH". Klix.ba. Archived frae the original on 8 Januar 2017. Retrieved 8 Januar 2017.
- ↑ "Sixth National Communication and First Biennial Report of the Republic of Croatia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)" (PDF) (in English). Croatian Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection. Retrieved 2 August 2018.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Lowest temperatures – list of records for every European country". Retrieved 1 Julie 2018.
- ↑ "MétéoFrance". Comprendre.meteofrance.com. Archived frae the original on 13 Mey 2009. Retrieved 29 Januar 2012.
- ↑ Andreas Wagner (August 2009). "Wetterextreme (Temperaturspanne von bis zu 146,5°C)". MeteoGroup. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
- ↑ "Record di freddo in Italia: -49.6°C sulle Pale di San Martino". 10 Mey 2013.
- ↑ "Dagrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland". weergegevens.nl.
- ↑ "Климатски екстреми" (in Macedonian). Hydrometeorological Service. Archived frae the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 4 Februar 2010.
- ↑ "Terras da Beira – "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio" (in Portuguese). 27 Mairch 2014. Archived frae the original on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 31 Mairch 2014. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ infoTURIST (25 Januar 1942). "Romania". Infoturist.ro. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "Slovenski vremenski rekordi" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Slovenian Environment Agency. p. 2. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 4 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link) - ↑ "Resumen de extremos climatológicos en España" (PDF) (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 31 October 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
- ↑ "Погодные рекорды Украины | Новости Украины | СЕГОДНЯ". Segodnya.ua. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "WMO Region IV (North America): Lowest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ↑ "Climate". National Weather Service (Cayman Islands Government). Archived frae the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
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Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C.
CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link) - ↑ Cassá Bernaldo de Quirós, Constancio (Julie 2012). "Valle Nuevo: su historia y naturaleza" (PDF). Clío (in Spanish). Academia Dominicana de la Historia (184): 222. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 16 Februar 2015. Retrieved 29 Januar 2015. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link) - ↑ "WMO Region VI (Europe): Lowest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
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- ↑ "Top Ten Montana Weather Events of the 20th Century". National Weather Service Unveils Montana's Top Ten Weather/Water/Climate Events of the 20th Century. National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2007.
- ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Global Weather & Climate Extremes Archive". Arizona State University. Retrieved 7 Juin 2015.
- ↑ "História de Caçador" [Quarta-feira pode ter recorde de temperatura mínima neste ano em Santa Catarina] (in Portuguese). A Notícia. 2010. Archived frae the original on 29 Juin 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality.
- ↑ "Recordes de Frio em SC". Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ↑ "Bajas temperaturas ponen en alerta a sector agrícola en Aysén" (in Spanish). Archived frae the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
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- ↑ (in Spaingie) Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse Archived 2 Januar 2013 at the Wayback Machine, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ↑ Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo Archived 25 Julie 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedmherrera
- ↑ "New record for New Zealand's coldest day". TVNZ. 12 Julie 2011. Retrieved 12 Julie 2011.
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- ↑ Christopher C. Burt. "Time to Update World's Driest and Wettest Locations?". Weather Underground. Archived frae the original on 29 Mairch 2013. Retrieved 10 Juin 2013.
- ↑ "Service Hydrologique de 1'O.R.S.T.O.M: Intensité extraordinaire de la précipitation du 26 novembre 1970 dans la région des Grands-Fonds de Guadeloupe" (PDF). Retrieved 4 Juin 2013.
- ↑ a b Burt, Christopher (2004), Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book, W.W. Norton & Co., p. 77, ISBN 0-393-32658-6
- ↑ Frank H. Forrester, 1001 Questions Answered about the Weather (ISBN 0486242188), page 235: "The greatest amount of snowfall for a calendar month occurred at Tamarack, California, in January, 1911—390 inches."
- ↑ Center for Severe Weather Research (2006). "Doppler On Wheels". Archived frae the original on 5 Februar 2007. Retrieved 18 Februar 2007.
- ↑ World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second) Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine at the World Meteorological Organization website
- ↑ "101 Amazing Earth Facts". SPACE.com. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ "Tornadoes in Bangladesh". Tornadoproject.com. Archived frae the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
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- ↑ National Climate Centre. "Australian Climate Extremes-Storm". BOM. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ↑ World: Largest tornado Outbreak Archived 2013-09-26 at the Wayback Machine at the World Meteorological Organization website
- ↑ "Catastrophic Landfall Expected in Mexico Friday; Patricia Becomes Strongest Hurricane Ever Recorded". weather.com. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ↑ "Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book". Extremeweatherguide.com. Archived frae the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ a b "Appendix I – Weather Extremes" (PDF). San Diego, California: National Weather Service. Archived (PDF) frae the original on 28 Mey 2008. Retrieved 1 Juin 2010.
- ↑ NWS (30 Julie 2010). "Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010". Aberdeen, South Dakota: National Weather Service. Archived frae the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ↑ "Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found". News.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ a b Lang, Timothy; Pédeboy, Stéphane; Rison, William; Cerveny, Randall; Montanyà, Joan; Chauzy, Serge; MacGorman, Donald; Holle, Ronald (September 2016). "WMO World Record Lightning Extremes: Longest Reported Flash Distance and Longest Reported Flash Duration". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 98 (6): 1153–1168. Bibcode:2017BAMS...98.1153L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0061.1. PMC 5240975. PMID 28111477.
- ↑ a b "WMO rules on longest distance and longest duration lightning flashes". World Meteorological Organization. 16 September 2016. Archived frae the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ↑ "NASA – Earth's New Lightning Capital Revealed". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 2 Mey 2016.
- ↑ Albrecht, Rachel; Goodman, Steven; Buechler, Dennis; Blakeslee, Richard; Christian, Hugh (December 2016). "Where are the lightning hotspots on Earth?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 97 (11): 2051. Bibcode:2016BAMS...97.2051A. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1.
- ↑ http://www.livescience.com/46701-andes-highest-uv-index-measured.html
- ↑ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters". Arizona State University. Archived frae the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ a b "World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Below 750 meters". Arizona State University. Archived frae the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
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