Indium

Indium, ₄₉In
Indium
Pronunciation	/ˈɪndiəm/ (IN-dee-əm)
Appearance	sillery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(In)	114.818(1)
Mass number	In:
Indium in the periodic cairt
	cadmium ← indium → tin
Atomic nummer (Z)	49
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Element category	Post-transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	429.7485 K (156.5985 °C, 313.8773 °F)
Bylin pynt	2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.02 g/cm3
Treeple pynt	429.7445 K, ~1 kPa
Heat o fusion	3.281 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.78
Atomic radius	empirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius	142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	193 pm
	Spectral lines o indium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	In: Primordial
Creestal structur	tetragonal
Speed o soond thin rod	1215 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	32.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	81.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	83.7 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	11 GPa
Mohs haurdness	1.2
Brinell haurdness	8.83 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-74-6
History
Diskivery	Ferdinand Reich an Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863)
First isolation	Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1867)
Main isotopes o indium
	Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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Indium is a chemical element wi seembol In an atomic nummer 49. This rare, very saft, malleable an easily fusible puir hivy metal is chemically seemilar tae gallium an thallium, an shaws intermediate properties atween thir twa. Indium wis discovered in 1863 an named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that wis the first indication o its existence in zinc ores, as a new an unkent element. The metal wis first isolatit in the follaein year. Zinc ores continue tae be the primary soorce o indium, whaur it is foond in compoond form. Very rarely the element can be foond as grains o native (free) metal, but thir are nae o commercial importance.

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Mangum, B W (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.
↑ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Mangum, B W (1989). "Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures". Metrologia. 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.

[3] Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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