Higgs boson

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Higgs boson
Candidate Higgs Events in ATLAS and CMS.png
Candidate Higgs boson events frae collisions atween protons in the LHC. The tap event in the CMS experiment shaws a decay intae twa photons (dashed yellae lines an green touers). The lawer event in the ATLAS experiment shaws a decay intae 4 muons (reid tracks).[Note 1]
Composeetion Elementar pairticle
Stateestics Bosonic
Status A Higgs boson o mass ≈125 GeV wis tentatively confirmed bi CERN on 14 Mairch 2013,[1][2][3] awtho it is unclear as yet which model the pairticle best supports or whether multiple Higgs bosons exeest.[2]
Seembol
H0
Theorised R. Brout, F. Englert, P. Higgs, G. S. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, an T. W. B. Kibble (1964)
Discovered Large Hadron Collider (2011–2013)
Mass 125.09±0.21 (stat.)±0.11 (syst.) GeV/c2 (CMS+ATLAS)[4]
Mean lifetime

1.56×10−22 s

[Note 2] (predictit)
Decays intae

bottom-antibottom pair (predictit)
twa W bosons (observed)
twa gluons (predictit)
tau-antitau pair (observed)
twa Z bosons (observed)
twa photons (observed)

various ither decays (predictit)
Electric chairge 0 e
Colour chairge 0
Spin 0 (tentatively confirmed)[1]
Weak isospin -1/2
Weak hypercharge +1
Parity +1 (tentatively confirmed)[1]

The Higgs boson is an elementar pairticle in the Staundart Model o pairticle pheesics. It is the quantum excitation o the Higgs field,[6][7] a fundamental field o crucial importance tae pairticle pheesics theory[7] first suspectit tae exeest in the 1960s. Unlik ither kent fields such as the electromagnetic field, it haes a non-zero constant value in vacuum. The quaisten o the Higgs field's exeestence acame the last unverified pairt o the Staindart Model o pairticle pheesics, an for several decades wis conseedert "the central problem in pairticle pheesics".[8][9]

Notes[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ Note that such events an aa occur due tae ither processes. Detection involves a stateestically signeeficant excess o such events at speceefic energies.
  2. ↑ In the Staundart Model, the tot decay width o a Higgs boson wi a mass o 126 GeV/c2 is predictit tae be 4.21×10−3 GeV.[5] The mean lifetime is gien bi '"`UNIQ--postMath-00000001-QINU`"'.

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 O'Luanaigh, C. (14 Mairch 2013). "New results indicate that new particle is a Higgs boson". CERN. Retrieved 2013-10-09. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bryner, J. (14 Mairch 2013). "Particle confirmed as Higgs boson". NBC News. Retrieved 2013-03-14. 
  3. ↑ Lua error in mw.lua at line 142: field 'day' missing in date table.
  4. ↑ ATLAS; CMS (26 March 2015). "Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments". arXiv:1503.07589. 
  5. ↑ LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group; Dittmaier; Mariotti; Passarino; Tanaka; Alekhin; Alwall; Bagnaschi; Banfi (2012). "Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions". CERN Report 2 (Tables A.1 – A.20). 1201: 3084. arXiv:1201.3084 Freely accessible. Bibcode:2012arXiv1201.3084L. 
  6. ↑ Onyisi, P. (23 October 2012). "Higgs boson FAQ". University of Texas ATLAS group. Retrieved 2013-01-08. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Strassler, M. (12 October 2012). "The Higgs FAQ 2.0". ProfMattStrassler.com. Retrieved 2013-01-08. [Q] Why do particle physicists care so much about the Higgs particle?
    [A] Well, actually, they don’t. What they really care about is the Higgs field, because it is so important. [emphasis in original]     
  8. ↑ José Luis Lucio; Arnulfo Zepeda (1987). Proceedings of the II Mexican School of Particles and Fields, Cuernavaca-Morelos, 1986. World Scientific. p. 29. ISBN 9971504340. 
  9. ↑ Gunion, Dawson, Kane, and Haber (199). The Higgs Hunter's Guide (1st ed.). pp. 11 (?). ISBN 978-0-7867-4318-6.  – quoted as being in the first (1990) edition of the book by Peter Higgs in his talk "My Life as a Boson", 2001, ref#25.
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