Heroin

Heroin
INN: Diamorphine^[1]
Clinical data
Pronunciation	Heroin: /ˈhɛroʊɪn/
AHFS/Drugs.com	entry
Dependence; liability	Pheesical: Very heich; Psychological: Very heich
Addiction; liability	Very heich
Routes o; admeenistration	Inhalation, transmucosal, intravenous, oral, intranasal, rectal, intramuscular
ATC code	N07BC06 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S9 (Prohibitit) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage I (Controlled) ; NZ: Class A ; UK: Cless A ; US: Schedule I ; UN: Narcotic Schedules I an IV ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	<35% (oral), 44–61% (inhaled)
Protein bindin	0% (morphine metabolite 35%)
Metabolism	hepatic
Onset o action	Within minutes
Biological hauf-life	2–3 minutes
Duration o action	4 to 5 hours
Excretion	90% renal as glucuronides, rest biliary
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate;
Synonyms	Diamorphine, Diacetylmorphine, Acetomorphine, (Dual) Acetylated morphine, Morphine diacetate
CAS Nummer	561-27-3 ;
PubChem CID	5462328;
DrugBank	DB01452 ;
ChemSpider	4575379 ;
UNII	8H672SHT8E;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27808 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL459324 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.380
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H23NO5
Molar mass	369.41 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive eemage;
	SMILES CC(OC1=C(O[C@@H]2[C@]34CCN(C)[C@@H]([C@@H]4C=C[C@@H]2OC(C)=O)C5)C3=C5C=C1)=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H23NO5/c1-11(23)25-16-6-4-13-10-15-14-5-7-17(26-12(2)24)20-21(14,8-9-22(15)3)18(13)19(16)27-20/h4-7,14-15,17,20H,8-10H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,20-,21-/m0/s1 ; Key:GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N ;
(verify)

Heroin^{[note 1]} is an opioid pain killer. It is an aa uised less commonly as a cough suppressant an as an antidiarrhoeal. Heroin is uised as a recreational drog for its euphoric effects. Frequent an regular admeenistration is associatit wi tolerance an pheesical dependence. In some kintras it is an aa gien tae lang-term uisers as a form o opioid replacement therapy alangside coonselin.^[8]

Notes[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Synonyms include: diacetylmorphine, morphine diacetate, an diamorphine (recommendit INN,^[1] BAN^[6]). Heroin is an aa kent bi mony street names includin dope, H, smack, junk, horse, an brown, amang ithers.^[7]

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2014). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 515. ISBN 9780702054976. Retrieved 12 April 2016. While 'diamorphine' is the recommended International Nonproprietary Name (rINN), this drug is widely known as heroin.
↑ Rook EJ, van Ree JM, van den Brink W, Hillebrand MJ, Huitema AD, Hendriks VM, Beijnen JH (2006). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of pharmaceutically prepared heroin, by intravenous or by inhalation route in opioid-dependent patients". Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 98 (1): 86–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_233.x. PMID 16433897.
↑ Riviello, Ralph J. (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7637-4462-5.
↑ "Diamorphine Hydrochloride Injection 30 mg – Summary of Product Characteristics". electronic Medicines Compendium. ViroPharma Limited. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
↑ Field, John (2012). The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 447. ISBN 978-1-4698-0162-9.
↑ Rang HP, Dale MM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2011). Rang & Dale's pharmacology (7th ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-7020-3471-8.
↑ "Nicknames and Street Names for Heroin". Thecyn.com. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
↑ Uchtenhagen AA (March 2011). "Heroin maintenance treatment: from idea to research to practice". Drug and Alcohol Review. 30 (2): 130–7. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00266.x. PMID 21375613.

[8] Synonyms include: diacetylmorphine, morphine diacetate, an diamorphine (recommendit INN,^[1] BAN^[6]). Heroin is an aa kent bi mony street names includin dope, H, smack, junk, horse, an brown, amang ithers.^[7]

[Heroin's_rINN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2014). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 515. ISBN 9780702054976. Retrieved 12 April 2016. While 'diamorphine' is the recommended International Nonproprietary Name (rINN), this drug is widely known as heroin.

[pmid16433897-2] Rook EJ, van Ree JM, van den Brink W, Hillebrand MJ, Huitema AD, Hendriks VM, Beijnen JH (2006). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of pharmaceutically prepared heroin, by intravenous or by inhalation route in opioid-dependent patients". Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 98 (1): 86–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_233.x. PMID 16433897.

[3] Riviello, Ralph J. (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7637-4462-5.

[EMC-4] "Diamorphine Hydrochloride Injection 30 mg – Summary of Product Characteristics". electronic Medicines Compendium. ViroPharma Limited. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014.

[5] Field, John (2012). The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 447. ISBN 978-1-4698-0162-9.

[6] Rang HP, Dale MM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2011). Rang & Dale's pharmacology (7th ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-7020-3471-8.

[7] "Nicknames and Street Names for Heroin". Thecyn.com. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

[9] Uchtenhagen AA (March 2011). "Heroin maintenance treatment: from idea to research to practice". Drug and Alcohol Review. 30 (2): 130–7. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00266.x. PMID 21375613.

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Heroin

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