Heroin
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Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | Heroin: /ˈhɛroʊɪn/ |
AHFS/Drugs.com | entry |
Dependence liability |
Pheesical: Very heich Psychological: Very heich |
Addiction liability | Very heich |
Routes o admeenistration | Inhalation, transmucosal, intravenous, oral, intranasal, rectal, intramuscular |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | <35% (oral), 44–61% (inhaled)[2] |
Protein bindin | 0% (morphine metabolite 35%) |
Metabolism | hepatic |
Onset o action | Within minutes[3] |
Biological hauf-life | 2–3 minutes[4] |
Duration o action | 4 to 5 hours[5] |
Excretion | 90% renal as glucuronides, rest biliary |
Identifiers | |
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Synonyms | Diamorphine, Diacetylmorphine, Acetomorphine, (Dual) Acetylated morphine, Morphine diacetate |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.380 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C21H23NO5 |
Molar mass | 369.41 g/mol |
3D model (Jmol) | |
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Heroin[note 1] is an opioid pain killer. It is an aa uised less commonly as a cough suppressant an as an antidiarrhoeal. Heroin is uised as a recreational drog for its euphoric effects. Frequent an regular admeenistration is associatit wi tolerance an pheesical dependence. In some kintras it is an aa gien tae lang-term uisers as a form o opioid replacement therapy alangside coonselin.[8]
Notes[eedit | eedit soorce]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2014). Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 515. ISBN 9780702054976. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
While 'diamorphine' is the recommended International Nonproprietary Name (rINN), this drug is widely known as heroin.
- ↑ Rook EJ, van Ree JM, van den Brink W, Hillebrand MJ, Huitema AD, Hendriks VM, Beijnen JH (2006). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of pharmaceutically prepared heroin, by intravenous or by inhalation route in opioid-dependent patients". Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 98 (1): 86–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_233.x. PMID 16433897.
- ↑ Riviello, Ralph J. (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7637-4462-5.
- ↑ "Diamorphine Hydrochloride Injection 30 mg – Summary of Product Characteristics". electronic Medicines Compendium. ViroPharma Limited. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
- ↑ Field, John (2012). The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 447. ISBN 978-1-4698-0162-9.
- ↑ Rang HP, Dale MM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (2011). Rang & Dale's pharmacology (7th ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-7020-3471-8.
- ↑ "Nicknames and Street Names for Heroin". Thecyn.com. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ↑ Uchtenhagen AA (March 2011). "Heroin maintenance treatment: from idea to research to practice". Drug and Alcohol Review. 30 (2): 130–7. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00266.x. PMID 21375613.