Glucose
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 Glucose C6H12O6
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
D-glucose
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| Seestematic IUPAC name
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
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| Ither names
Blood sugar
Dextrose Corn sugar D-Glucose Grape sugar |
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| Identifiers | |
50-99-7  |
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| 3DMet | B04623 |
| Abbreviations | Glc |
| ATC code | |
| Beilstein Reference | 1281604 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:4167 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL1222250 |
| ChemSpider | 5589 |
| EC-nummer | [1] |
| Gmelin Reference | 83256 |
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| Jmol-3D images | Image Image |
| KEGG | C00031  |
| MeSH | Glucose |
| PubChem | |
| RTECS nummer | LZ6600000 |
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| UNII | 5SL0G7R0OK |
| Properties | |
| C6H12O6 | |
| Molar mass | 180.16 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White pouder |
| Density | 1.54 g/cm3 |
| Meltin pynt | α-D-glucose: 146 °C β-D-glucose: 150 °C |
| 91 g/100 mL | |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−1271 kJ/mol [1] |
| Std enthalpy o combustion ΔcH |
−2805 kJ/mol |
| Staundart molar entropy S |
209.2 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Speceefic heat capacity, C | [2] |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0865 |
| NFPA 704 | |
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Except whaur otherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 verify (whit is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Glucose (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/ or /-koʊz/; C6H12O6, an aa kent as D-glucose, dextrose, or grape sugar) is a simple monosaccharide foond in plants. It is ane o the three dietary monosaccharides, alang wi fructose an galactose, that are absorbed directly intae the bluidstream durin digestion. An important carbohydrate in biology, cells uise it as the primary soorce o energy[3] an a metabolic intermediate. Glucose is ane o the main products o photosynthesis an fuels for cellular respiration. Glucose exists in several different molecular structures, but aw o these structurs can be dividit intae twa faimilies o mirror-images (stereoisomers). Anly ane set o these isomers exists in naitur, those derived frae the "richt-haundit furm" o glucose, denotit D-glucose. D-glucose is sometimes referred tae as dextrose, altho the uise o this name is strangly discouraged. The term dextrose is derived frae dextrorotatory glucose.[4] This name is tharefore confusin when applied tae the enantiomer, which rotates licht in the opposite direction. Starch an cellulose are polymers derived frae the dehydration o D-glucose. The ither stereoisomer, cried L-glucose, is hairdly ever foond in naitur.
The name "glucose" comes frae the Greek wird glukus (γλυκύς), meanin "sweet". The suffix "-ose" denotes a succar.
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) 34: 1182–83.
- ↑ Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam. 23 (5): 403–9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4.
- ↑ Clark, D.; Sokoloff, L. (1999), Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, Lippincott, pp. 637–670 Cite uises deprecatit parameter
|coauthors=(help) - ↑ "dextrose", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2009-09-02.
