Glucose

D-Glucose
	; Glucose C6H12O6
	Preferred IUPAC name D-glucose
	Seestematic name (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
	Ither names Blood sugar; Dextrose; Corn sugar; D-Glucose; Grape sugar
Identifiers
Abbreviations	Glc
CAS number	50-99-7
PubChem	5793
ChemSpider	5589
UNII	5SL0G7R0OK
EC nummer	200-075-1
KEGG	C00031
MeSH	Glucose
ChEBI	CHEBI:4167
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1222250
RTECS nummer	LZ6600000
ATC code	B05CX01,V04CA02, V06DC01
Beilstein Reference	1281604
Gmelin Reference	83256
3DMet	B04623
Jmol-3D images	Image 1; Image 2
	SMILES OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1 ; Key: WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C6H12O6
Molar mass	180.16 g mol−1
Appearance	White pouder
Density	1.54 g/cm3
Meltin pynt	α-D-glucose: 146 °C; β-D-glucose: 150 °C
Solubility in water	91 g/100 mL
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy o; formation ΔfHo298	−1271 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy o; combustion ΔcHo298	−2805 kJ/mol
Staundart molar; entropy So298	209.2 J K−1 mol−1
Speceefic heat capacity, C
Hazards
MSDS	ICSC 0865
EU Index	nae leetit
NFPA 704	1 0 0
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

Glucose (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/ or /-koʊz/; C₆H₁₂O₆, an aa kent as D-glucose, dextrose, or grape sugar) is a simple monosaccharide foond in plants. It is ane o the three dietary monosaccharides, alang wi fructose an galactose, that are absorbed directly intae the bluidstream durin digestion. An important carbohydrate in biology, cells uise it as the primary soorce o energy^[3] an a metabolic intermediate. Glucose is ane o the main products o photosynthesis an fuels for cellular respiration. Glucose exists in several different molecular structures, but aw o these structurs can be dividit intae twa faimilies o mirror-images (stereoisomers). Anly ane set o these isomers exists in naitur, those derived frae the "richt-haundit furm" o glucose, denotit D-glucose. D-glucose is sometimes referred tae as dextrose, altho the uise o this name is strangly discouraged. The term dextrose is derived frae dextrorotatory glucose.^[4] This name is tharefore confusin when applied tae the enantiomer, which rotates licht in the opposite direction. Starch an cellulose are polymers derived frae the dehydration o D-glucose. The ither stereoisomer, cried L-glucose, is hairdly ever foond in naitur.

The name "glucose" comes frae the Greek wird glukus (γλυκύς), meanin "sweet". The suffix "-ose" denotes a succar.

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) 34: 1182–83 .
↑ Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam. 23 (5): 403–9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4 .
↑ Clark, D.; Sokoloff, L. (1999), Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, Lippincott, pp. 637–670 Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ "dextrose", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2009-09-02 .

Freemit airtins[edit | edit source]

Internaitional Chemical Safety Caird 0865

[1] Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) 34: 1182–83 .

[2] Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam. 23 (5): 403–9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4 .

[3] Clark, D.; Sokoloff, L. (1999), Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, Lippincott, pp. 637–670 Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[4] "dextrose", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2009-09-02 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Glucose

References[edit | edit source]

Freemit airtins[edit | edit source]

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D-Glucose

Glucose C6H12O6
Preferred IUPAC name D-glucose
Seestematic name (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
Ither names Blood sugar Dextrose Corn sugar D-Glucose Grape sugar
Identifiers
Abbreviations	Glc
CAS number	50-99-7^Y
PubChem	5793
ChemSpider	5589^Y
UNII	5SL0G7R0OK^Y
EC nummer	200-075-1
KEGG	C00031^N
MeSH	Glucose
ChEBI	CHEBI:4167^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1222250^Y
RTECS nummer	LZ6600000
ATC code	B05CX01,V04CA02, V06DC01
Beilstein Reference	1281604
Gmelin Reference	83256
3DMet	B04623
Jmol-3D images	Image 1 Image 2
SMILES OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1^Y Key: WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N^Y
Properties
Molecular formula	C₆H₁₂O₆
Molar mass	180.16 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	White pouder
Density	1.54 g/cm³
Meltin pynt	α-D-glucose: 146 °C β-D-glucose: 150 °C
Solubility in water	91 g/100 mL
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy o formation Δ_fH^o₂₉₈	−1271 kJ/mol ^[1]
Std enthalpy o combustion Δ_cH^o₂₉₈	−2805 kJ/mol
Staundart molar entropy S^o₂₉₈	209.2 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
Speceefic heat capacity, C	^[2]
Hazards
MSDS	ICSC 0865
EU Index	nae leetit
NFPA 704	1 0 0
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references