Glucose
| |
 Glucose C6H12O6
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
D-glucose | |
| Seestematic IUPAC name
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal | |
| Ither names
Blood sugar
Dextrose Corn sugar D-Glucose Grape sugar | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| 3DMet | B04623 |
| Abbreviations | Glc |
| 1281604 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| EC Nummer | 200-075-1 |
| Gmelin Reference | 83256 |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | Glucose |
PubChem CID
|
|
| RTECS nummer | LZ6600000 |
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C6H12O6 | |
| Molar mass | 180.16 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White pouder |
| Density | 1.54 g/cm3 |
| Meltin pynt | α-D-glucose: 146 °C β-D-glucose: 150 °C |
| 91 g/100 mL | |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Speceefic heat capacity, C | [1] |
| Staundart molar entropy S |
209.2 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−1271 kJ/mol [2] |
| Std enthalpy o combustion ΔcH |
−2805 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 | |
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (whit is   ?)
| |
| Infobox references | |
Glucose (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/ or /-koʊz/; C6H12O6, an aa kent as D-glucose, dextrose, or grape succar) is a semple monosaccharide foond in plants. It is ane o the three dietary monosaccharides, alang wi fructose an galactose, that are absorbed directly intae the bluidstream durin digestion. An important carbohydrate in biology, cells uise it as the primary soorce o energy[3] an a metabolic intermediate. Glucose is ane o the main products o photosynthesis an fuels for cellular respiration. Glucose exists in several different molecular structures, but aw o thir structurs can be dividit intae twa faimilies o mirror-images (stereoisomers). Anly ane set o thir isomers exists in naitur, those derived frae the "richt-haundit furm" o glucose, denotit D-glucose. D-glucose is whiles referred tae as dextrose, altho the uise o this name is strangly discouraged. The term dextrose is derived frae dextrorotatory glucose.[4] This name is tharefore confusin when applee'd tae the enantiomer, which rotates licht in the opposite direction. Starch an cellulose are polymers derived frae the dehydration o D-glucose. The ither stereoisomer, cried L-glucose, is hairdly ever foond in naitur.
The name "glucose" comes frae the Greek wird glukus (γλυκύς), meanin "sweet". The suffix "-ose" denotes a succar.
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam., 23 (5): 403–9, doi:10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4.
- ↑ Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 34: 1182–83.
- ↑ Clark, D. (1999), Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, Lippincott, pp. 637–670 Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ↑ "dextrose", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2009-09-02.
