Duchy o Parma

Duchy of Parma Ducato di Parma  (Italian)
1545–1802 (1808) 1814–1859
Top 1545-1731; bottom 1851-1859 Flag Coat o airms
Motto: Dirige me Domine! "Lead me, oh Lord!"
The Duchy o Parma an Piacenza (green)
Status	Duchy
Caipital	Parma
Common leids	Italian, Emilian
Releegion	Roman Catholic
Govrenment	Duchy
Duke
• 1545–1547	Pier Luigi (first)
• 1854–1859	Roberto I (last)
History
• Imperial Diploma	16 September 1545
• Treaty o Aix-la-Chapelle	24 Aprile 1748
• French administration	1 November 1802
• Formal annexation by France	1808
• Restored	11 Aprile l 1814
• Italian unification	3 December 1859
Currency	Parman lira
Precedit bi Succeedit bi Papal States Taro (department) Duchy of Guastalla Taro (department) United Provinces of Central Italy

The Duchy o Parma wis an umwhile state in Italy. It wis a duchy until it wis absorbed into the kinrick o Italy. It wis ruled bi the Hoose o Farnese then the Bourbons o Parma

Farnese Dukes o Parma

1. Pier Luigi Farnese (an illegitimate son o Pape Paul III)
2. Ottavio Farnese (son o the abuin)
3. Alessandro Farnese (son o the abuin)
4. Ranuccio (I) Farnese (on o the abuin)
5. Odoardo Farnese (son o the abuin)
6. Ranuccio (II) Farnese (son o the abuin)
7. Francesco Farnese (son o the abuin)
8. Antonio Farnese (brither o the abuin)

Bourbon Dukes o Parma

1. Carlo (son o Elisabeth Farnese)
2. Filippo (brither o the abuin)
3. Ferdinando I (son o the abuin)
4. Ludovico I (son o the abuin)
5. Carlo II (son o the abuin)
6. Carlo III (son o the abuin)
7. Roberto I (son o the abuin)
8. Enrico (son o the abuin)
9. Giuseppe (brither o the abuin)
10. Elias (brither o the abuin)
11. Roberto Ugo (son o the abuin)