Cocaine
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Clinical data | |
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Tred names | Psicaine, Delcaine, Ensan Cocaine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
Pregnancy category |
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Dependence liability | Pheesical: none[1] Psychological: Heich[2] |
Addiction liability | High[3] |
Routes o admeenistration | Topical, oral, insufflation, intravenous |
Drog cless | CNS stimulant Local anesthetic |
ATC code | |
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Legal status |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Bi mooth: 33%[4] insufflatit: 60[5]–80%[6] nasal spray: 25[7]–43%[4] |
Metabolism | liver CYP3A4 |
Onset o action | seiconts tae meenits[8] |
Biological hauf-life | 1 oor |
Duration o action | 5 tae 90 meenits[8] |
Excretion | Kidney |
Identifiers | |
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Synonyms | Benzoylmethylecgonine, coke |
CAS Nummer | |
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IUPHAR/BPS | |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
PDB ligand | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.030 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C17H21NO4 |
Molar mass | 303.353 g/mol |
3D model (Jmol) | |
Meltin pynt | 98 °C (208 °F) |
Bylin pynt | 187 °C (369 °F) |
Solubility in watter | ~1.8 mg/mL (20 °C) |
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Cocaine, an aa kent as coke, is a strang stimulant maistly uised as a recreautional drog.[9]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 367. ISBN 9780071481274.
While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol), these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine).
- ↑ Hamid Ghodse (2010). Ghodse's Drugs and Addictive Behaviour: A Guide to Treatment (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 9781139485678.
- ↑ Introduction to Pharmacology Third Edition. Abingdon: CRC Press. 2007. pp. 222–223. ISBN 9781420047424.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fattinger K, Benowitz NL, Jones RT, Verotta D (2000). "Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine". Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56 (4): 305–10. doi:10.1007/s002280000147. PMID 10954344.
- ↑ Barnett G, Hawks R, Resnick R (1981). "Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans". J Ethnopharmacol. 3 (2–3): 353–66. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5. PMID 7242115.
- ↑ Jeffcoat AR, Perez-Reyes M, Hill JM, Sadler BM, Cook CE (1989). "Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting), or smoking". Drug Metab. Dispos. 17 (2): 153–9. PMID 2565204.
- ↑ Wilkinson P, Van Dyke C, Jatlow P, Barash P, Byck R (1980). "Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (3): 386–94. doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.52. PMID 7357795.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Zimmerman JL (October 2012). "Cocaine intoxication". Critical Care Clinics. 28 (4): 517–26. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.003. PMID 22998988.
- ↑ Pomara, C; Cassano, T; D'Errico, S; Bello, S; Romano, AD; Riezzo, I; Serviddio, G (2012). "Data available on the extent of cocaine use and dependence: biochemistry, pharmacologic effects and global burden of disease of cocaine abusers". Current medicinal chemistry. 19 (33): 5647–57. doi:10.2174/092986712803988811. PMID 22856655.
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