Ibn Saud o Saudi Arabie

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Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Keeng (Malik) o Saudi Arabia (15 Januar 1876[1] – 9 November 1953) (Arabic: عبد العزيز آل سعود‎) wis the first monarch o The Third Saudi State kent as Saudi Arabia. O his full name Abdul Aziz bin Abdur Rahman Al Saud[2], he wis commonly referred tae as ibn Saud[3].

He wis born in Riyadh intae the House of Su'ūd (commonly transliteratit Saud), which haed followed the Salafi movement o Islam since the 18t century an haed heestorically maintained dominion ower the interior hielands o Arabia kwny as the Nejd (see First Saudi State an Seicont Saudi State). Beginnin wi the reconquest o his family's ancestral hame ceety o Riyadh in 1902, Ibn Saud consolidatit his control ower the Nejd in 1922, conquered the Hejaz in 1925. The naition wis foondit an unified as Saudi Arabie in 1932. His later reign saw the discovery o petroleum in Saudi Arabie in 1938, an the beginnin o liarge-scale exploitation o that resource efter Warld War II.

Ibn Saud wis the faither o mony children, includin aw kings o Saudi Arabie that hae ruled efter him.

[edit] Family an succession

Succession tae Saudi Arabie's throne haes been a process that haes, tae a lairge extent, excludit aw but the senior members o the Al Saud. Male progeny, wi tenure in senior government positions, whose mithers wur King Abdul Aziz bin Saud's wives an frae prominent peninsula based families an tribes, an who hae shown baith the willingness an ability tae build the necessary consensus frae ither wings in the family ar, in theory, the maist eligible candidates. Al Saud ar considered tae be the richest family in the warld.

Ibn Saud converses wi then-American Preses Franklin D. Roosevelt (right) through translator Colonel Bill Eddy on board the USS Quincy efter the Yalta Conference

The number o children that Ibn Saud faithered ar unkent. Ane source indicates that he haed 37 sons. His number o wives is put at 22,[4] They include: (names o keengs in bold)

  1. By Wadha bint Muhammad al-Hazzam
    1. Turki (I) (1900–1919)
    2. Saud (12 Januar 1902 - 23 Februar 1969); reigned 1953–1964
    3. Nura
    4. Munira
  2. By Tarfah bint Abdullah al-Shaikh Abdul-Wahab
    1. Khaled (I) (born 1903, died in infancy)
    2. Faisal (Aprile 1904 - 25 Mairch 1975); reigned 1964–1975
    3. Saad (I) (1914–1919)
    4. Anud (born 1917)
  3. By Lulua bint Salih al-Dakhil
    1. Fahd (I) (1905–1919)
  4. By Jauhara bint Musa'd Al Saud
    1. Muhammad (1910–1988)
    2. Khaled (II) (1913 - 13 Juin 1982); reigned 1975–1982
  5. By Lajah bint Khalid bin Hithlayn
    1. Sara (1916 - June 2000)
  6. By Bazza (the first wife named Bazza)
    1. Nasser (1919–1984)
  7. By Jawhara bint Sa'ad bin Abd al-Muhsin al-Sudairi
    1. Saad (II) (1920–1993)
    2. Musa'id (born 1923)
    3. Abdul Mohsin (1925–1985)
    4. Al-Bandari bint Abdulaziz (1928–2008)[5]
  8. By Hassa bint Ahmad al-Sudairi
    (The sons ar kent as the "Sudairi Seven")
    1. Fahd (II) (1921 - 1 August 2005); reigned 1982–2005
    2. Sultan (born 1926); current croun prince
    3. Luluwah bint Abdulaziz (ca 1928 - 2008) [6]
    4. Abd al-Rahman (born 1931)
    5. Naif (born 1933); current seicont croun prince
    6. Turki (II) (born 1934)
    7. Salman (born 1936)
    8. Ahmed (born 1942)
    9. Jawaher
    10. Lateefa
    11. Al-Jawhara
    12. Moudhi (dee'd yung)
    13. Felwa (dee'd yung)
  9. By Shahida
    1. Mansur (1922 - 2 Mey 1951)
    2. Mishaal (born 1926)
    3. Qumasha (born 1927)
    4. Mutaib (born 1931)
  10. By Fahda bint Asi al-Shuraim
    1. Abdullah (born August 1924); current keeng, since 2005
    2. Nuf
    3. Sita
  11. By Bazza (the seicont wife named Bazza)
    1. Bandar (born 1923)
    2. Fawwaz (1934–2008)
    3. Mishari (1932 - 23 Mey 2000)
  12. By Haya bint Sa'ad al-Sudairy (1913 - 18 Aprile 2003)
    1. Badr (I) (1931–1932)
    2. Badr (II) (born 1933)
    3. Huzza (1951-Julie 2000)
    4. Abdalillah (born 1935)
    5. Abdul Majeed (1943–2007)
    6. Nura (born 1930)
    7. Mishail
    8. Zubri
  13. By Munaiyir
    1. Talal (I) (1930–1931)
    2. Talal (II) (born 1932)
    3. Nawwaf (born 1933)
    4. Madawi
  14. By Mudhi
    1. Sultana bint Abdulaziz (ca. 1928 - 7 Julie 2008) [7]
    2. Haya bint Abdulaziz (ca. 1929- 2 November 2009) [8]
    3. Majed (II) (9 October 1938 - 12 April 2003)
    4. Sattam (born 21 Januar 1941)
  15. By Nouf bint al-Shalan
    1. Thamir (1937 - 27 Juin 1959)
    2. Mamduh (born 1941)
    3. Mashhur (born 1942)
  16. By Saida al-Yamaniyah
    1. Hidhlul (born 1941)
  17. By Khadra
  18. By Baraka al-Yamaniyah
    1. Muqran (born 15 September 1945)
  19. By Futayma
    1. Hamad (1947–1994)
  20. By ??
    1. Shaikha (born 1922)
    2. Majed (I)(1934–1940)
    3. Abdul Salem (1941–1942)
    4. Jiluwi (I)(1942–1944)
    5. Jiluwi (II) (1952-1952) Wis the youngest son o Ibn Saud but dee'd as an infant.

Aw o these carry the surname "bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud" for men an "bint Abdul Aziz Al Saud" for women. Ibn Saud is the faither o aw the Keengs o Saudi Arabie that hae succeedit him. Keeng Saud succeedit his faither as regent o Saudi Arabie in 1953, three months efter being appointit Prime Minister bi his faither. In 1964 Keeng Saud wis deposed bi the Saudi Council o Meenisters an succeedit bi Keeng Faisal, anither o Ibn Saud's sons. Faisal wis followed bi three further sons, Keeng Khalid, Keeng Fahd an Keeng Abdullah. Accordin tae the Saudi Basic Law o 1992, the Keeng o Saudi Arabie must be a son or grandson o Ibn Saud.

[edit] Notes

  1. ↑ The birthdate o Abdul Aziz haes been a source o debate. It is generally acceptit as 1876, although a few sources give it as 1880. His mither is Princess Sarah Bint Ahmed AlSudairy . A primary reason statit in Robert Lacey's book "The Kingdom", which gives a clear statement on the reasons why 1876 is mair reasonable, is that a leadin Saudi heestorian foond records that show Abdul Aziz in 1891 greetin an important tribal delegation. The heestorian reasoned that a nine or ten-year-auld child (as given bi the 1880 birthdate) woud hae been too young tae be allawed tae greet such a delegation, while an adolescent o 14 or 15 (as given bi the 1876 date) woud likely hae been allowed. The major reason, though, is that when Lacey interviewed ane of Ibn Saud's sons prior tae writin the book, the son recalled that his faither aften laughed at records showin his birthdate tae be 1880. Ibn Saud's response tae such records wis that "I swallowed fower years o ma life."
  2. ↑ Current Biography 1943, pp330-34
  3. ↑ ibn Saud meanin son o Saud an it is a sort o title borne bi previous heads o the House o Saud, similar tae a Scots clan chief's title o "the MacGregor" or "the MacDougall". When uised wi'oot comment it refers solely tae Abdul Aziz. (See Robert Lacey, The Kingdom (NY, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), p. 15). Al Saud, with a similar meaning (family of Saud) may be used at the end of the full name, while ibn Saud should sometimes be used alone.
  4. ↑ http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2526
  5. ↑ "Princess Al-Bandari passes away in Riyadh", Royal Embassy o Saudi Arabie, Washington D.C., 2008-03-08. Retrieved on 7 Apryle 2008.. Template:Dead link
  6. ↑ "Princess Luluwah bint Abdulaziz passed away". Retrieved on 13 Mairch 2008..
  7. ↑ "Death of Princess Sultanah". Retrieved on 18 Julie 2008..
  8. ↑ Template error: argument title is required.
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